This paper aims to shed light on the earliest stages of the teaching tradi-tion of the “preliminary exercises” (progymnasmata). The evidence provided by Cicero (especially in De inventione) and the Rhetorica ad Herennium, although itcan also be traced back to the field of rhetorical exercitatio, offers no proof of the existence of a well-defined “series” of exercises at the beginning of the 1stcentury BC – exercises conceived as the first stage of oratorical training in preparation for declamations. This suggests that the issue around the earliest dating of such training should be left open, acknowledging the limits that the fragmentary nature of the sources imposes on our ability to reconstruct in de-tail the history of the development of these exercises.
Il presente contributo si propone di gettare qualche luce sulle fasi più an-tiche della tradizione di insegnamento degli “esercizi preliminari” (progymnasma-ta). Le testimonianze offerte da Cicerone (soprattutto nel De inventione) e dalla Rhetorica ad Herennium, che pure sono riconducibili all’ambito dell’exercitatio re-torica,non offrono alcuna prova dell’esistenza, già all’inizio del I secolo a.C., di una “serie” ben definita di esercizi, concepita come prima fase dell’addestramento oratorio in preparazione alle declamazioni. Questo consiglia di lasciare la que-stione prudentemente aperta, riconoscendo i limiti che la condizione frammenta-ria delle fonti impone alle nostre capacità di ricostruzione.
Pirovano, L. (2025). The Rhetorica ad Herennium, Cicero and the origin of the progymnasmata|LA RHETORICA AD HERENNIUM, CICERONE E L’ORIGINE DEI PROGYMNASMATA. CICERONIANA ON LINE, 9(1), 53-70.
The Rhetorica ad Herennium, Cicero and the origin of the progymnasmata|LA RHETORICA AD HERENNIUM, CICERONE E L’ORIGINE DEI PROGYMNASMATA
Pirovano Luigi
2025
Abstract
This paper aims to shed light on the earliest stages of the teaching tradi-tion of the “preliminary exercises” (progymnasmata). The evidence provided by Cicero (especially in De inventione) and the Rhetorica ad Herennium, although itcan also be traced back to the field of rhetorical exercitatio, offers no proof of the existence of a well-defined “series” of exercises at the beginning of the 1stcentury BC – exercises conceived as the first stage of oratorical training in preparation for declamations. This suggests that the issue around the earliest dating of such training should be left open, acknowledging the limits that the fragmentary nature of the sources imposes on our ability to reconstruct in de-tail the history of the development of these exercises.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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