Can blockchain revolutionize meat production? Addressing transparency, trust, and compliance in conventional and cultured meat

Background The demand for safe and sustainable meat production is increasing, necessitating innovative solutions for food safety, transparency, and regulatory compliance. Blockchain technology has emerged as a potential tool to address these challenges, particularly in the conventional meat sector. However, its application in the cultured meat industry remains underexplored, raising questions about its effectiveness in enhancing trust, traceability, and regulatory adherence in this emerging sector. Scope and approach This study conducts a scoping review following the PRISMA protocol to examine the role of blockchain in both conventional and cultured meat industries. The review was based on searches conducted in June 2024 using two major databases— Scopus and Web of Science —and focused on peer-reviewed literature related to blockchain applications in meat production. The search covered publications up to mid-2024 and targeted titles, abstracts, and keywords using terms such as "blockchain", "meat supply chain," and "cultured meat". After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 14 relevant empirical studies were selected for full-text analysis. Key findings and conclusions Findings indicate that blockchain significantly improves traceability and trust, particularly in ensuring product authenticity and safety. It facilitates regulatory compliance by enabling stakeholder collaboration and maintaining auditable data trails. Internet of Things integration further enhances monitoring capabilities. However, challenges such as data interoperability, high implementation costs, and the absence of standardized protocols hinder broader adoption. Overcoming these barriers is crucial to unlocking blockchain's full potential. Future research should focus on blockchain integration strategies, consumer perceptions, and regulatory frameworks to support its adoption in cultured meat production.