For more than two hundred years now, the vampire has been one of the most popular characters in fiction across media all over the world. The term ‘vampire’ became a buzzword throughout Western Europe thanks to police inquiries, medical reports and religious treatises compiled in the wake of the epidemics that scourged Eastern and Southeastern Europe between the late seventeenth and the early eighteenth century, but it was not until the publication of John William Polidori’s short story The Vampyre (1819) that the bogeyman became a cash cow. The key to commercial success was simple: inspired by his working experience as Lord Byron’s travelling physician, Polidori turned the Slavic folklore’s ugly, poor, ragged peasant revenant preying on fellow-villagers and livestock into an attractive, rich, elegant aristocrat – a template that would be more or less faithfully followed by all the most popular male and female vampires to come. With the aim to shed light on a largely neglected figure in vampire fiction studies, this paper analyzes the apparitions of the Slavic folklore’s peasant vampire in the Italian media sphere of the 1960s and 1970s.
Da oltre duecento anni, i vampiri sono tra i più popolari personaggi di finzione nei contesti mediali e nazionali più disparati. Il termine ‘vampiro’ divenne una sorta di buzzword in Europa Occidentale nel corso della cosiddetta Età dei Lumi grazie a inchieste di polizia, ricerche medico-scientifiche e trattati filosofico-religiosi occasionati dalle misteriose epidemie che investirono le aree rurali dell’Europa Orientale e Sud-Orientale tra la fine del Seicento e l’inizio del Settecento. Tuttavia, fu solo con la pubblicazione del racconto The Vampyre (1819) di John William Polidori che il succhiasangue delle leggende divenne una proprietà intellettuale da cui estrarre fino all’ultima goccia di profitto. Ispirato dalla sua esperienza lavorativa come medico personale di Lord Byron, Polidori trasformò il vampiro-contadino del folklore balcanico – un revenant brutto, povero e straccione, che infesta il villaggio natìo nutrendosi indifferentemente del sangue dei suoi compaesani e di quello del bestiame – in un vampiro-aristocratico bello, ricco ed elegante. Il template del vampiro-aristocratico sarà più o meno fedelmente seguito da tutte le più popolari storie di vampiri a venire, indipendentemente dal sesso del non-morto protagonista. Con l’obiettivo di fare luce su una figura poco considerata negli studi sulla vampire fiction, il presente saggio analizza le apparizioni del vampiro-contadino del folklore balcanico nella sfera mediale italiana degli anni Sessanta e Settanta del Novecento.
Guarneri, M. (2025). Wurdalak versus Satanik: i vurdalak in Italia tra letteratura, cinema e fumetto giallo-nero. ULTRACORPI, 3, 151-176.
Wurdalak versus Satanik: i vurdalak in Italia tra letteratura, cinema e fumetto giallo-nero
Michael Guarneri
2025
Abstract
For more than two hundred years now, the vampire has been one of the most popular characters in fiction across media all over the world. The term ‘vampire’ became a buzzword throughout Western Europe thanks to police inquiries, medical reports and religious treatises compiled in the wake of the epidemics that scourged Eastern and Southeastern Europe between the late seventeenth and the early eighteenth century, but it was not until the publication of John William Polidori’s short story The Vampyre (1819) that the bogeyman became a cash cow. The key to commercial success was simple: inspired by his working experience as Lord Byron’s travelling physician, Polidori turned the Slavic folklore’s ugly, poor, ragged peasant revenant preying on fellow-villagers and livestock into an attractive, rich, elegant aristocrat – a template that would be more or less faithfully followed by all the most popular male and female vampires to come. With the aim to shed light on a largely neglected figure in vampire fiction studies, this paper analyzes the apparitions of the Slavic folklore’s peasant vampire in the Italian media sphere of the 1960s and 1970s.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.


