Taxonomic and taphonomic analysis of Late Pleistocene faunal remains from several karst fillings at Cava Muracci travertine quarry (Cisterna di Latina, central Italy): a comprehensive study

Cava Muracci, an archaeological and paleontological site in Cisterna di Latina (Latium, central Italy), has yielded significant faunal assemblages from the Late Pleistocene, collected from eight karst fillings. We have gained valuable insights into subsistence patterns, ecosystem dynamics, site chronology and the processes underlying the preservation of mammal remains through comprehensive palaeontological and taphonomic analysis of over three thousand mammal specimens. The evidence of carnivore activity has led to the interpretation of Area 1-2-3 as a hyena den, while Areas 4 and 7 indicate more limited hyena activity. In contrast, Areas 5, 6 and 8 likely experienced water flow events that transported faunal remains and debris. Environmental reconstructions based on faunal and pollen data suggest a mixed landscape featuring steppe or grassland, interspersed with wooded areas and marshlands along the coastal belt. Species diversity in different areas provides insights into the local ecological dynamics and the chronological sequences of the site. Radiometric dating places Areas 1-2-3 and 7 within MIS 3, with the other areas likely corresponding to a later phase of this period. This multidisciplinary research enhances our understanding of paleoenvironmental dynamics in the Pontine Plain and provides a broader perspective on central Italy's Late Pleistocene landscapes.