Public spaces in Bologna: mediating social interactions by intercultural placemaking

This paper examines the role of public spaces in facilitating intercultural interactions among diverse ethnic communities in Bologna, Italy. With over 23.8 million non-EU citizens in the EU and a growing migrant crisis, the need for effective integration strategies has become critical. By employing a combination of behavioural mapping and semi-structured interviews, the study uncovers key spatial attributes that foster meaningful connections and interactions among users. The findings indicate that spatial attributes such as enclosure, safety, and the inclusion of natural elements play a significant role in enhancing social cohesion. The research highlights the importance of semienclosed spaces and multifunctional areas that provide privacy and comfort while promoting social engagement. It also proposes design strategies to address the challenges posed by social exclusion and insecurity in public areas, which can hinder interaction. Ultimately, the study aims to inform urban design strategies that support intercultural placemaking, which is essential for improving social integration and community resilience in an increasingly multicultural society.