Evaluation of Left Ventricular Overload and Use of Unloading Techniques in Venoarterial Extracorporeal Life Support: A Nationwide Survey

Cardiogenic shock (CS) and cardiac arrest (CA) are among the most lethal complications of acute cardiovascular disease, affected by high in-hospital mortality rates. Venoarterial extracorporeal life support (VA ECLS) is increasingly used either in adults or children with acutely impaired cardiac function refractory to conventional medical therapy. One of the most important concerns in VA ECLS is the increased left ventricular (LV) afterload due to retrograde aortic perfusion, depending on the configuration mode