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Background: Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods: We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For school-aged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). Findings: From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation: The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesity.
Phelps, N.H., Singleton, R.K., Zhou, B., Heap, R.A., Mishra, A., Bennett, J.E., et al. (2024). Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults. THE LANCET, 403(10431), 1027-1050 [10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02750-2].
Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults
Phelps N. H.;Singleton R. K.;Zhou B.;Heap R. A.;Mishra A.;Bennett J. E.;Paciorek C. J.;Lhoste V. P.;Carrillo-Larco R. M.;Stevens G. A.;Rodriguez-Martinez A.;Bixby H.;Bentham J.;Di Cesare M.;Danaei G.;Rayner A. W.;Barradas-Pires A.;Cowan M. J.;Savin S.;Riley L. M.;Aguilar-Salinas C. A.;Baker J. L.;Barkat A.;Bhutta Z. A.;Branca F.;Caixeta R. B.;Cuschieri S.;Farzadfar F.;Ganapathy S.;Ikeda N.;Iotova V.;Kengne A. P.;Khang Y. -H.;Laxmaiah A.;Lin H. -H.;Ma J.;Mbanya J. C. N.;Miranda J. J.;Pradeepa R.;Rodriguez-Artalejo F.;Soric M.;Turley M.;Wang L.;Webster-Kerr K.;Aarestrup J.;Abarca-Gomez L.;Abbasi-Kangevari M.;Abdeen Z. A.;Abdrakhmanova S.;Abdul Ghaffar S.;Abdul Rahim H. F.;Abdurrahmonova Z.;Abu-Rmeileh N. M.;Abubakar Garba J.;Acosta-Cazares B.;Adam I.;Adamczyk M.;Adams R. J.;Adu-Afarwuah S.;Aekplakorn W.;Afsana K.;Afzal S.;Agbor V. N.;Agdeppa I. A.;Aghazadeh-Attari J.;Agren A.;Aguenaou H.;Agyemang C.;Ahmad M. H.;Ahmad N. A.;Ahmadi A.;Ahmadi N.;Ahmadi N.;Ahmed I.;Ahmed S. H.;Ahrens W.;Aitmurzaeva G.;Ajlouni K.;Al-Hazzaa H. M.;Al-Hinai H.;Al-Lahou B.;Al-Lawati J. A.;Al-Raddadi R.;Al Asfoor D.;Al Hourani H. M.;Al Qaoud N. M.;Alarouj M.;AlBuhairan F.;AlDhukair S.;Aldwairji M. A.;Alexius S.;Ali M. M.;Alieva A. V.;Alkandari A.;Alkerwi A.;Alkhatib B. M.;Allin K.;Alomary S. A.;Alomirah H. F.;Alshangiti A. M.;Alvarez-Pedrerol M.;Aly E.;Amarapurkar D. N.;Amiano Etxezarreta P.;Amoah J.;Amougou N.;Amouyel P.;Andersen L. B.;Anderssen S. A.;Androutsos O.;Angquist L.;Anjana R. M.;Ansari-Moghaddam A.;Anufrieva E.;Aounallah-Skhiri H.;Araujo J.;Ariansen I.;Aris T.;Arku R. E.;Arlappa N.;Aryal K. K.;Assefa N.;Aspelund T.;Assah F. K.;Assembekov B.;Assuncao M. C. F.;Aung M. S.;Aurelio de Valois C. J. M.;Auvinen J.;Avdicova M.;Avi S.;Azad K.;Azevedo A.;Azimi-Nezhad M.;Azizi F.;Babu B. V.;Bacopoulou F.;Baeksgaard Jorgensen M.;Baharudin A.;Bahijri S.;Bajramovic I.;Bakacs M.;Balakrishna N.;Balanova Y.;Bamoshmoosh M.;Banach M.;Banegas J. R.;Baran J.;Baran R.;Barbagallo C. 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K.;Giovannelli J.;Gironella G.;Giwercman A.;Gkiouras K.;Glushkova N.;Godara R.;Godos J.;Gogen S.;Goldberg M.;Goltzman D.;Gomez G.;Gomez Gomez J. H.;Gomez L. F.;Gomez S. F.;Gomula A.;Goncalves Cordeiro da Silva B.;Goncalves H.;Goncalves M.;Gonzalez-Alvarez A. D.;Gonzalez-Chica D. A.;Gonzalez-Gil E. M.;Gonzalez-Gross M.;Gonzalez-Leon M.;Gonzalez-Rivas J. P.;Gonzalez-Villalpando C.;Gonzalez-Villalpando M. -E.;Gonzalez A. R.;Gottrand F.;Graca A. P.;Grafnetter D.;Grajda A.;Grammatikopoulou M. G.;Gregg E. W.;Gregor R. D.;Gregorio M. J.;Groholt E. K.;Grontved A.;Grosso G.;Gruden G.;Gu D.;Guajardo V.;Gualdi-Russo E.;Guallar-Castillon P.;Gualtieri A.;Gudmundsson E. F.;Gudnason V.;Guerchet M.;Guerrero R.;Guessous I.;Guimaraes A. L.;Gujral U. P.;Gulliford M. C.;Gunnlaugsdottir J.;Gunter M. J.;Guo X. -H.;Guo Y.;Gupta P. C.;Gupta R.;Gureje O.;Gurinovic M. A.;Gutierrez Gonzalez E.;Gutierrez L.;Gutzwiller F.;Gwee X.;Ha S.;Hadaegh F.;Hadjigeorgiou C. 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J.;Osler M.;Osmond C.;Ostojic S. M.;Ostovar A.;Otero J. A.;Ottendahl C. B.;Otu A.;Overvad K.;Owusu-Dabo E.;Oyeyemi A. Y.;Oyeyemi A. L.;Paccaud F. M.;Padez C. P.;Pagkalos I.;Pahomova E.;de Paiva K. M.;Pajak A.;Pajula N.;Palloni A.;Palmieri L.;Pan W. -H.;Panda-Jonas S.;Pandey A.;Pang Z.;Panza F.;Paoli M.;Papadopoulou S. K.;Papandreou D.;Pareja R. G.;Park S. -W.;Park S.;Parnell W. R.;Parsaeian M.;Pascanu I. M.;Pasquet P.;Patel N. D.;Pattussi M.;Pavlyshyn H.;Pechlaner R.;Pecin I.;Pednekar M. S.;Pedro J. M.;Peer N.;Peixoto S. V.;Peltonen M.;Pereira A. C.;Peres M. A.;Perez-Londono A.;Perez C. M.;Peterkova V.;Peters A.;Petkeviciene J.;Petrauskiene A.;Petrovna Kovtun O.;Pettenuzzo E.;Peykari N.;Pfeiffer N.;Phall M. C.;Pham S. T.;Phiri F. P.;Pichardo R. N.;Pierannunzio D.;Pierre-Marie P.;Pigeot I.;Pikhart H.;Pilav A.;Piler P.;Pilotto L.;Pistelli F.;Pitakaka F.;Piwonska A.;Pizarro A. N.;Plans-Rubio P.;Platonova A. G.;Poh B. K.;Pohlabeln H.;Polka N. S.;Pop R. M.;Popkin B. M.;Popovic S. R.;Porta M.;Posch G.;Poudyal A.;Poulimeneas D.;Pouraram H.;Pourfarzi F.;Pourshams A.;Poustchi H.;Price A. J.;Price J. F.;Prista A.;Providencia R.;Puder J. J.;Pudule I.;Puhakka S.;Puiu M.;Punab M.;Qadir M. S.;Qasrawi R. F.;Qiao Q.;Qorbani M.;Quintana H. K.;Quiroga-Padilla P. J.;Quoc Bao T.;Rach S.;Radic I.;Radisauskas R.;Rahimikazerooni S.;Rahman M.;Rahman M.;Raitakari O.;Raj M.;Rajabov T.;Rakhmatulloev S.;Rakovac I.;Ramachandra Rao S.;Ramachandran A.;Ramadan O. P.;Ramires V. V.;Ramirez-Zea M.;Ramke J.;Ramos E.;Ramos R.;Rampal L.;Rampal S.;Ramsay S. E.;Rangelova L. S.;Rarra V.;Rascon-Pacheco R. A.;Rashidi M. -M.;Rech C. R.;Redon J.;Reganit P. F. M.;Regecova V.;Renner J. D.;Repasy J. A.;Reuter C. P.;Revilla L.;Reynolds A.;Rezaei N.;Rezaianzadeh A.;Rho Y.;Ribas-Barba L.;Ribeiro R.;Riboli E.;Rigo F.;Rigotti A.;Rinaldo N.;Rinke de Wit T. F.;Riserus U.;Rito A. I.;Ritti-Dias R. M.;Rivera J. A.;Roa R. G.;Robinson L.;Roccaldo R.;Rodrigues D.;Rodriguez-Perez M. D. C.;Rodriguez-Villamizar L. A.;Rodriguez A. Y.;Roggenbuck U.;Rohloff P.;Rohner F.;Rojas-Martinez R.;Rojroongwasinkul N.;Romaguera D.;Romeo E. L.;Rosario R. V.;Rosengren A.;Rouse I.;Rouzier V.;Roy J. G.;Ruano M. H.;Rubinstein A.;Ruhli F. J.;Ruidavets J. -B.;Ruiz-Betancourt B. S.;Ruiz-Castell M.;Ruiz Moreno E.;Rusakova I. A.;Rusek W.;Russell Jonsson K.;Russo P.;Rust P.;Rutkowski M.;Saamel M.;Saar C. G.;Sabanayagam C.;Sabbaghi H.;Sacchini E.;Sachdev H. S.;Sadjadi A.;Safarpour A. R.;Safi S.;Safiri S.;Saghi M. H.;Saidi O.;Saieva C.;Sakata S.;Saki N.;Salaj S.;Salanave B.;Salazar Martinez E.;Salhanova A.;Salmeron D.;Salomaa V.;Salonen J. T.;Salvetti M.;Samoutian M.;Sanchez-Abanto J.;Sanchez Rodriguez I.;Sandjaja;Sans S.;Santa-Marina L.;Santacruz E.;Santos D. A.;Santos I. S.;Santos L. C.;Santos M. P.;Santos O.;Santos R.;Santos T. R.;Saramies J. L.;Sardinha L. B.;Sarrafzadegan N.;Sathish T.;Saum K. -U.;Savva S.;Savy M.;Sawada N.;Sbaraini M.;Scazufca M.;Schaan B. D.;Schaffrath Rosario A.;Schargrodsky H.;Schienkiewitz A.;Schindler K.;Schipf S.;Schmidt B.;Schmidt C. O.;Schmidt I. M.;Schneider A.;Schnohr P.;Schottker B.;Schramm S.;Schramm S.;Schroder H.;Schultsz C.;Schultz G.;Schulze M. B.;Schutte A. E.;Sebert S.;Sedaghattalab M.;Selamat R.;Sember V.;Sen A.;Senbanjo I. O.;Sepanlou S. G.;Sequera G.;Serra-Majem L.;Servais J.;Sevcikova;Sewpaul R.;Shalnova S.;Shamah-Levy T.;Shamshirgaran S. M.;Shanthirani C. S.;Sharafkhah M.;Sharma S. K.;Sharman A.;Shaw J. E.;Shayanrad A.;Shayesteh A. A.;Shengelia L.;Shi Z.;Shibuya K.;Shimizu-Furusawa H.;Shimony T.;Shiri R.;Shrestha N.;Si-Ramlee K.;Siani A.;Siantar R.;Sibai A. M.;Sidossis L. S.;Silitrari N.;Silva A. M.;Silva C. R. D. M.;Silva D. A. S.;Silva K. S.;Sim X.;Simon M.;Simons J.;Simons L. A.;Sjoberg A.;Sjostrom M.;Skoblina E. V.;Skoblina N. A.;Slazhnyova T.;Slowikowska-Hilczer J.;Slusarczyk P.;Smeeth L.;So H. -K.;Soares F. C.;Sobek G.;Sobngwi E.;Sodemann M.;Soderberg S.;Soekatri M. Y.;Soemantri A.;Sofat R.;Solfrizzi V.;Solovieva Y. V.;Somi M. H.;Sonestedt E.;Song Y.;Soofi S.;Sorensen T. I.;Sorgjerd E. P.;Sossa Jerome C.;Soto-Rojas V. E.;Soumare A.;Sousa-Poza A.;Sovic S.;Sparboe-Nilsen B.;Sparrenberger K.;Spencer P. R.;Spinelli A.;Spiroski I.;Staessen J. A.;Stamm H.;Stang A.;Starc G.;Staub K.;Stavreski B.;Steene-Johannessen J.;Stehle P.;Stein A. D.;Steinsbekk S.;Stergiou G. S.;Stessman J.;Stevanovic R.;Stieber J.;Stockl D.;Stokwiszewski J.;Stoyanova E.;Stratton G.;Stronks K.;Strufaldi M. W.;Sturua L.;Suarez-Medina R.;Suarez-Ortegon M. F.;Suebsamran P.;Sugiyama M.;Suka M.;Sulo G.;Sun C. -A.;Sun L.;Sund M.;Sundstrom J.;Sung Y. -T.;Sunyer J.;Suriyawongpaisal P.;Sweis N. W. G.;Swinburn B. A.;Sy R. G.;Sylva R. C.;Szponar L.;Tabone L.;Tai E. S.;Takuro F.;Tambalis K. D.;Tammesoo M. -L.;Tamosiunas A.;Tan E. J.;Tang X.;Tanrygulyyeva M.;Tanser F.;Tao Y.;Tarawneh M. R.;Tarp J.;Tarqui-Mamani C. B.;Taxova Braunerova R.;Taylor A.;Taylor J.;Tchibindat F.;Te Velde S.;Tebar W. R.;Tell G. S.;Tello T.;Tessema M.;Tham Y. C.;Thankappan K. R.;Theobald H.;Theodoridis X.;Thomas N.;Thorand B.;Thrift A. G.;Ticha;Timmermans E. J.;Tjandrarini D. H.;Tjonneland A.;Tolonen H. K.;Tolstrup J. S.;Tomaszewski M.;Topbas M.;Topor-Madry R.;Torheim L. E.;Tornaritis M. J.;Torrent M.;Torres-Collado L.;Toselli S.;Touloumi G.;Traissac P.;Tran T. T. -H.;Tremblay M. S.;Triantafyllou A.;Trichopoulos D.;Trichopoulou A.;Trinh O. T.;Trivedi A.;Tshepo L.;Tsigga M.;Tsintavis P.;Tsugane S.;Tuitele J.;Tuliakova A. M.;Tulloch-Reid M. K.;Tullu F.;Tuomainen T. -P.;Tuomilehto J.;Twig G.;Tynelius P.;Tzala E.;Tzotzas T.;Tzourio C.;Udoji N.;Ueda P.;Ugel E.;Ukoli F. A.;Ulmer H.;Unal B.;Usupova Z.;Uusitalo H. M.;Uysal N.;Vaitkeviciute J.;Valdivia G.;Vale S.;Valvi D.;van Dam R. M.;van den Born B. -J.;Van der Heyden J.;van der Schouw Y. T.;Van Herck K.;Van Lippevelde W.;Van Minh H.;Van Schoor N. M.;van Valkengoed I. G.;Vanderschueren D.;Vanuzzo D.;Varbo A.;Varela-Moreiras G.;Vargas L. 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Y.;Woo J.;Woodward M.;Wu F. C.;Wu H. -Y.;Wu J.;Wu L. J.;Wu S.;Wyszynska J.;Xu H.;Xu L.;Yaacob N. A.;Yamborisut U.;Yan L.;Yan W.;Yang L.;Yang X.;Yang Y.;Yardim N.;Yasuharu T.;Yepez Garcia M.;Yiallouros P. K.;Yngve A.;Yoosefi M.;Yoshihara A.;Yotov Y.;You Q. S.;You S. -L.;Younger-Coleman N. O.;Yu Y. -L.;Yu Y.;Yusof S. M.;Yusoff A. F.;Zaccagni L.;Zafiropulos V.;Zainuddin A. A.;Zakavi S. R.;Zamani F.;Zambon S.;Zampelas A.;Zamrazilova H.;Zapata M. E.;Zargar A. H.;Zaw K. K.;Zayed A. A.;Zdrojewski T.;Zeglen M.;Zejglicova K.;Zeljkovic Vrkic T.;Zeng Y.;Zentai A.;Zhang B.;Zhang L.;Zhang Z. -Y.;Zhao D.;Zhao M. -H.;Zhao W.;Zhecheva Y. V.;Zhen S.;Zheng W.;Zheng Y.;Zholdin B.;Zhou M.;Zhu D.;Zimmet P.;Zins M.;Zitt E.;Zocalo Y.;Zoghlami N.;Zuniga Cisneros J.;Zuziak M.;Ezzati M.
2024
Abstract
Background: Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods: We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For school-aged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). Findings: From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation: The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesity.
Phelps, N.H., Singleton, R.K., Zhou, B., Heap, R.A., Mishra, A., Bennett, J.E., et al. (2024). Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults. THE LANCET, 403(10431), 1027-1050 [10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02750-2].
Phelps, N. H.; Singleton, R. K.; Zhou, B.; Heap, R. A.; Mishra, A.; Bennett, J. E.; Paciorek, C. J.; Lhoste, V. P.; Carrillo-Larco, R. M.; Stevens, G....espandi
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11585/1007273
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simulazione ASN
Il report seguente simula gli indicatori relativi alla propria produzione scientifica in relazione alle soglie ASN 2023-2025 del proprio SC/SSD. Si ricorda che il superamento dei valori soglia (almeno 2 su 3) è requisito necessario ma non sufficiente al conseguimento dell'abilitazione. La simulazione si basa sui dati IRIS e sugli indicatori bibliometrici alla data indicata e non tiene conto di eventuali periodi di congedo obbligatorio, che in sede di domanda ASN danno diritto a incrementi percentuali dei valori. La simulazione può differire dall'esito di un’eventuale domanda ASN sia per errori di catalogazione e/o dati mancanti in IRIS, sia per la variabilità dei dati bibliometrici nel tempo. Si consideri che Anvur calcola i valori degli indicatori all'ultima data utile per la presentazione delle domande.
La presente simulazione è stata realizzata sulla base delle specifiche raccolte sul tavolo ER del Focus Group IRIS coordinato dall’Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia e delle regole riportate nel DM 589/2018 e allegata Tabella A. Cineca, l’Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia e il Focus Group IRIS non si assumono alcuna responsabilità in merito all’uso che il diretto interessato o terzi faranno della simulazione. Si specifica inoltre che la simulazione contiene calcoli effettuati con dati e algoritmi di pubblico dominio e deve quindi essere considerata come un mero ausilio al calcolo svolgibile manualmente o con strumenti equivalenti.