Chi semina sfruttamento raccoglie campagne, di sensibilizzazione. Il ruolo delle diaspore nel contrasto allo sfruttamento lavorativo

Like immigration itself, which has been structural in Italy for at least three decades, the phenomenon of labour exploitation is also treated as an emergency, both in terms of media representations and in political and regulatory measures. But a biased and distorted representation that has invaded the mediapolis for years fuels a dangerous gap between the statistical realitỳ of the phenomenon and the perception of it, to the point of 'normalising' hatred against differences. One of the most powerful tools to improve public communication about phenomena are media campaigns, a recent and important media genre able to inform the public, to prevent social inequalities, and to suggest more adequate behaviors. Starting from a mapping of the institutional communication campaigns about labor exploitations, recently activated in Italy by Ministries, the authors conducted two focus groups and 15 interviews with privileged witnesses active in diaspora associations in Emilia-Romagna, Tuscany and Lombardy. The aim is to investigate the effect these campaigns have on migrants, starting from the perspective of diaspora associations, recognizing their role as new agents of social change. As the results show, campaigns hardly go viral, and tend to squeeze migrant workers between "those who made it" and "those who did not make it", or rather "cannot make it", with the risk of reinforcing stigmatisation and polarising discourses on exploitation. In conclusion, the diasporas declare their willingness to collaborate in the fight against exploitation, demanding constant involvement in the political and cultural processes in order to contribute to collective achievement of justice for everybody.

Lo sfruttamento lavorativo agisce in maniera più violenta su categorie sociali più deboli. Le persone migranti sono maggiormente a rischio di essere sfruttate per fattori normativi, istituzionali, sociali e culturali che creano isolamento, asimmetrie di potere e maggiore povertà relazionale. In che modo la comunicazione istituzionale ha affrontato il tema dello sfruttamento lavorativo connesso al tema della migrazione? Dopo aver analizzato le principali campagne di informazione promosse in Italia negli ultimi 15 anni, l’articolo presenta il punto di vista dei membri di diverse associazioni diasporiche presenti sul territorio relativamente al loro grado di conoscenza delle stesse campagne, della loro percezione rispetto allo sfruttamento lavorativo e alla loro disponibilità a collaborare con le istituzioni per questo comune obiettivo.