Patient Position and General Setting in Knee Arthroplasty

Optimal patient positioning is crucial during total knee arthroplasty surgical procedure to ensure a successful surgery and minimize complications. The patient should be placed in a supine position with all joints near neutral to avoid nerve and skin injuries. Supports and padding are crucial to protect bony prominences and maintain comfort, especially in patients with higher risk for pressure ulcers. The knee must be accessible and capable of various degrees of flexion, typically between 70° and 120°, facilitated by foot supports. Proper alignment of the head, spine, and limbs is essential to prevent nerve compression, particularly the ulnar nerve. Additionally, the use of tourniquets is debated; while it can reduce blood loss, it may also lead to increased pain and complications.