What kind of city is Ravenna after the year 1000? Is its relationship with the sea and waterways still as important as it was in previous centuries? What has changed and what is its relationship with its territory? In this contribution I will try to show the main archaeological and architectural evidence characterizing the settlement until the 15th century. At that time, the walls were located at about two miles from the coast, and the city was limited to the east by a dense area of pine forests, to the north by the Montone River, to the south by the Ronco, and to the west by only partially reclaimed land. Crossed by a dense network of small rivers and muddy canals, the town lives in a kind of precarious balance between fresh and sea water. The pine forest constitutes a vast wooded area that, from the Reno, reaches to Cervia, developing along the Adriatic coast. Beside humble and mostly pedeplane houses are the mansions of the elites, those of the Traversari and Polentani families. Churches are numerous for a city of less than 10,000 people. The churches built in the early season of this rootless capital are still extraordinary monumental buildings dotting the city: the Basilica Ursiana with its magnificent five naves; the basilica of San Giovanni Evangelista that still showed its ancient apsidal mosaic with the story of Galla Placidia escaping a shipwreck, then destroyed in 1568; Santa Maria Maggiore with its apsidal image of the Mother of God that would have been lost later in the 16th century. In those centuries one could still contemplate the mosaic depicting Christ enthroned between the two archangels in Sant’Agata Maggiore and the apsidal mosaic of San Michele in Africisco, now on display in Berlin. The golden mosaics of the Basilica of San Lorenzo in Caesarea, perhaps part of the mosaic decorations of the basilica of Santa Croce and all the impressive multicolored artistic heritage of its golden age were still visible. In these pages I will try to reconstruct an overall picture of the city and its individual monuments. In this way I will discuss its topography and the urban and architectural transformations that characterized the city during the Middle Ages.

Che città è Ravenna dopo il Mille? Il rapporto con il mare e con le vie d’acqua riveste ancora la stessa importanza che aveva nei secoli precedenti? Che cosa è cambiato e qual è la relazione con il suo territorio? In questo contributo cercherò di mostrare le principali evidenze archeologiche e architettoniche che caratterizzano l’insediamento fino al XV secolo. In quel momento, le mura distano circa due miglia dalla costa, e il paesaggio è delimitato a est da una fitta fascia di pinete, a nord dal fiume Montone, a sud dal Ronco e a ovest da terreni solo in parte bonificati. Attraversata da una fitta rete di fiumicelli e canali limacciosi, la città vive in una sorta di precario equilibrio fra acque dolci e acque marine. La pineta costituisce una vasta area boschiva che dal Reno arriva fino a Cervia, correndo parallelamente alla costa adriatica. Alle case umili e per lo più pedeplane, si affiancano i palazzi signorili, quelli dei Traversari e dei Polentani. Le chiese sono numerosissime, per una popolazione inferiore a 10.000 abitanti. Straordinarie le chiese costruite nella prima stagione di questa capitale senza radici: la basilica Ursiana nella maestosità delle sue cinque navate; la basilica di S. Giovanni Evangelista che mostrava ancora l’antico mosaico absidale, distrutto nel 1568, con la vicenda dello scampato naufragio di Galla Placidia; S. Maria Maggiore con l’immagine della Madre di Dio scomparsa poi nel secolo XVI. In quei secoli si potevano contemplare ancora il mosaico raffigurante Cristo in trono fra i due arcangeli in S. Agata Maggiore e il mosaico absidale di S. Michele in Africisco, oggi conservato a Berlino. Erano ancora visibili i mosaici a fondo aureo della basilica di S. Lorenzo in Cesarea e forse parte delle decorazioni musive della basilica di S. Croce e tutto l’impressionante patrimonio artistico multicolore della sua età d’oro. Proverò in queste pagine a ricostruire un’immagine complessiva della città e dei singoli monumenti allo scopo di fornire un quadro generale della sua topografia e delle trasformazioni urbanistiche e architettoniche che caratterizzano la città nel corso del medioevo.

Cirelli, E. (2024). Ravenna nel medioevo: archeologia e forma della città. RAVENNA STUDI E RICERCHE, 30, 163-216.

Ravenna nel medioevo: archeologia e forma della città

Enrico Cirelli
Primo
2024

Abstract

What kind of city is Ravenna after the year 1000? Is its relationship with the sea and waterways still as important as it was in previous centuries? What has changed and what is its relationship with its territory? In this contribution I will try to show the main archaeological and architectural evidence characterizing the settlement until the 15th century. At that time, the walls were located at about two miles from the coast, and the city was limited to the east by a dense area of pine forests, to the north by the Montone River, to the south by the Ronco, and to the west by only partially reclaimed land. Crossed by a dense network of small rivers and muddy canals, the town lives in a kind of precarious balance between fresh and sea water. The pine forest constitutes a vast wooded area that, from the Reno, reaches to Cervia, developing along the Adriatic coast. Beside humble and mostly pedeplane houses are the mansions of the elites, those of the Traversari and Polentani families. Churches are numerous for a city of less than 10,000 people. The churches built in the early season of this rootless capital are still extraordinary monumental buildings dotting the city: the Basilica Ursiana with its magnificent five naves; the basilica of San Giovanni Evangelista that still showed its ancient apsidal mosaic with the story of Galla Placidia escaping a shipwreck, then destroyed in 1568; Santa Maria Maggiore with its apsidal image of the Mother of God that would have been lost later in the 16th century. In those centuries one could still contemplate the mosaic depicting Christ enthroned between the two archangels in Sant’Agata Maggiore and the apsidal mosaic of San Michele in Africisco, now on display in Berlin. The golden mosaics of the Basilica of San Lorenzo in Caesarea, perhaps part of the mosaic decorations of the basilica of Santa Croce and all the impressive multicolored artistic heritage of its golden age were still visible. In these pages I will try to reconstruct an overall picture of the city and its individual monuments. In this way I will discuss its topography and the urban and architectural transformations that characterized the city during the Middle Ages.
2024
Cirelli, E. (2024). Ravenna nel medioevo: archeologia e forma della città. RAVENNA STUDI E RICERCHE, 30, 163-216.
Cirelli, Enrico
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11585/1005038
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