Digital 3D reconstructions of synagogues for an innovative approach on Jewish architectural heritage in East Central Europe

This article examines the application of the Scientific Reference Model (SRM) concept in hypothetical three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions of architectural heritage, focusing on the synagogue in Ashmyany, Belarus. The SRM approach, tested in courses at the Hochschule Mainz, allows for transparent documentation of digital reconstructions to support further scholarly research and community engagement. Using historical source material, the 3D model of the synagogue in Ashmyany, serves as a case study for testing this methodology. The reconstruction process highlights the complexity of preserving Jewish architectural heritage in East Central Europe, where shifting political borders and a lack of comprehensive documentation complicate efforts. The synagogue’s architecture, including significant elements such as the Bima and Torah ark, was modelled using Building Information Modelling (BIM)-compliant software. However, certain elements had to be approximated due to limited historical sources, illustrating the challenge of reconstructing lost heritage with accuracy. The integration of historical photographs and surveys into the modelling phase not only enriched the digital reconstruction but also led to further questions about the building’s history and modifications over time. In addition to creating 3D models, the SRM emphasizes the importance of detailed documentation, following the FAIR principles to ensure that reconstructions are traceable and reusable for future research. Platforms like the CoVHer Repository facilitate the publication and accessibility of these models, alongside their metadata and source documentation. The Ashmyany synagogue case study demonstrates how 3D reconstructions can help visualize lost architectural heritage, offering new insights into its historical context and emphasizing the need for continued research on open repositories and digital preservation efforts. This approach showcases the potential of HBIM-modelling to contribute to the study and preservation of Jewish architectural heritage, while underscoring the ongoing need for community engagement and scholarly collaboration.