Towards real-world clinical data standardization: A modular FHIR-driven transformation pipeline to enhance semantic interoperability in healthcare

Given the exponential increase in clinical data, which accounts for around 30% of global data volume, effective information management has become crucial to ensuring robust interoperability. This trend is further expedited by implementing consumer-oriented Internet of Things platforms, contributing to the growth of the $8.3 trillion healthcare industry. These advancements, combined with challenges such as heterogeneous data formats and a lack of incentives, necessitate the development of pragmatic infrastructures and tools that harness contemporary clinical standards like Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR).