All too often painted architecture is seen as a background, as a space filler, with a passive role or, at best, as a support for a message contained in the work. Bitino (Faenza, 1370?-Rimini, 1422?), originally from Faenza, but active in Rimini during the heyday of the Malatesta seigniory, demonstrates his knowledge of the innovative power of the not only symbolic use of painted architecture, in the wake of Giotto's tradition. After outlining the cultural milieu within which the artist worked, the study analyses from a previously unpublished point of view the buildings that Bitino painted in 1409 in the altarpiece with the Passion of St. Julian, preserved in the church of the same name in Rimini. These architectural elements have made it possible to reconstruct some important views of the city of Rimini that have now disappeared, such as the former medieval cathedral of Santa Colomba, with its decorations and surroundings, and the Benedictine church of San Giuliano itself. The architectural elements described in a realistic and detailed manner are in tune with the reformist climate that Ludovico Barbo was shortly to promote among Benedictine monks, suggesting a modern devotion that involved approaching prayer by mentally evoking images (Leclercq 1984). Around the same years in which Barbo wrote the Modus meditandi et orandi, Leon Battista Alberti exalts in De Pictura the ‘power of seeing’ through the narrative form of the ‘istoria’, necessary to ‘make one feel emotions’ through the gestures of the characters depicted interacting with each other and with their surroundings (Di Stefano 2020). Bitino, in unravelling his ‘istoria’, although not yet familiar with Alberti's perspective method, develops a highly original character in his attempt to ‘fake what is seen’ .

Troppo spesso l’architettura dipinta è vista come sfondo, come riempitivo dello spazio, con un ruolo passivo o, nella migliore delle ipotesi, come supporto di un messaggio contenuto nell’opera. Bitino (Faenza, 1370?-Rimini, 1422?), originario di Faenza, ma attivo a Rimini nel periodo di massimo splendore della signoria dei Malatesta (Tambini 2002/2010), dimostra di conoscere la forza innovativa dell’uso non solo simbolico dell’architettura dipinta, nel solco della tradizione giottesca. Dopo aver delineato l’ambito culturale entro il quale l’artista opera, lo studio analizza da un punto di vista inedito gli edifici che dipinge nel 1409 nella pala con la Passione di San Giuliano, conservata presso la chiesa omonima riminese: si tratta di architetture che hanno permesso di ricostruire alcuni importanti scorci della città di Rimini, ormai scomparsi, quali l’ex cattedrale medievale di Santa Colomba con le sue decorazioni e il suo intorno e la stessa chiesa benedettina di San Giuliano. Gli elementi architettonici descritti in maniera realistica e dettagliata risultano in sintonia con il clima riformistico che da lì a poco Ludovico Barbo promuoverà̀ presso i monaci benedettini, suggerendo una moderna devotio che prevedeva di accostarsi alla preghiera evocando mentalmente le immagini (Leclercq 1984). Circa negli stessi anni in cui Barbo scrive il Modus meditandi et orandi, Leon Battista Alberti esalta nel De Pictura la “forza del vedere” attraverso la forma narrativa dell’”istoria”, necessaria a “far provare emozioni” con i gesti dei personaggi raffigurati che interagiscono tra di loro e con l’ambiente circostante (Di Stefano 2020). Bitino, nel dipanare la sua “istoria”, pur non conoscendo ancora il metodo prospettico albertiano, sviluppa un carattere fortemente originale nel tentativo di “fingere quello che si vede” .

Rubbi, V. (2024). Entrare nell’opera: riflessioni sull’architettura dipinta nella pala riminese di san Giuliano (1409) di Bitino da Faenza | Entering the work: reflections on the painted architecture in the Rimini altarpiece of san Giuliano (1409) by Bitino da Faenza. ATTI E STUDI. ACCADEMIA RAFFAELLO, 23, 51-62.

Entrare nell’opera: riflessioni sull’architettura dipinta nella pala riminese di san Giuliano (1409) di Bitino da Faenza | Entering the work: reflections on the painted architecture in the Rimini altarpiece of san Giuliano (1409) by Bitino da Faenza

Valeria Rubbi
2024

Abstract

All too often painted architecture is seen as a background, as a space filler, with a passive role or, at best, as a support for a message contained in the work. Bitino (Faenza, 1370?-Rimini, 1422?), originally from Faenza, but active in Rimini during the heyday of the Malatesta seigniory, demonstrates his knowledge of the innovative power of the not only symbolic use of painted architecture, in the wake of Giotto's tradition. After outlining the cultural milieu within which the artist worked, the study analyses from a previously unpublished point of view the buildings that Bitino painted in 1409 in the altarpiece with the Passion of St. Julian, preserved in the church of the same name in Rimini. These architectural elements have made it possible to reconstruct some important views of the city of Rimini that have now disappeared, such as the former medieval cathedral of Santa Colomba, with its decorations and surroundings, and the Benedictine church of San Giuliano itself. The architectural elements described in a realistic and detailed manner are in tune with the reformist climate that Ludovico Barbo was shortly to promote among Benedictine monks, suggesting a modern devotion that involved approaching prayer by mentally evoking images (Leclercq 1984). Around the same years in which Barbo wrote the Modus meditandi et orandi, Leon Battista Alberti exalts in De Pictura the ‘power of seeing’ through the narrative form of the ‘istoria’, necessary to ‘make one feel emotions’ through the gestures of the characters depicted interacting with each other and with their surroundings (Di Stefano 2020). Bitino, in unravelling his ‘istoria’, although not yet familiar with Alberti's perspective method, develops a highly original character in his attempt to ‘fake what is seen’ .
2024
Rubbi, V. (2024). Entrare nell’opera: riflessioni sull’architettura dipinta nella pala riminese di san Giuliano (1409) di Bitino da Faenza | Entering the work: reflections on the painted architecture in the Rimini altarpiece of san Giuliano (1409) by Bitino da Faenza. ATTI E STUDI. ACCADEMIA RAFFAELLO, 23, 51-62.
Rubbi, Valeria
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11585/1000729
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