Legal and governance perspectives on meaningful human control: the case of automated mobility

In this contribution, we will firstly analyse legal approaches to human control that are the most relevant in the context of automated mobility, namely the relevant provisions of the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic (including recent amendments dealing with automated technologies), and of the proposed AI Act. Then, we will describe the allocation of liability in the context of human–machine interaction of automated vehicles, starting from the analysis of how tasks are assigned among the humans and the technology. On the basis of such analysis, we will then analyse the liability allocation, taking into account the approach of meaningful human control. Finally, we will discuss issues related to the resulting liability allocation, and propose legal/technical measures to mitigate such issues.