The author introduces the data coming from the Post-Kushan layers of the Italian excavations directed by himself at Bir-kot-ghwandai (Swat, Pakistan), and interprets them in the light of the historical sources on the concerned period. Being one of the first stratigraphic excavations in urban sites of the region, the site of Bir-kot-ghwandai offers a precious contribution for the study of the architectural and artistic evidence of the period. Particularly noteworthy is the possibility of anchoring to a solid stratigraphic sequence the information on pottery, given that examples of similar wares have recently been acquired by Museums from the antiquarian market.