Seven Financing Models

The chapter presents seven models through which it is possible to finance health care services (and protect oneself from the risks of disease). Seven different funding models are introduced: 1) The direct market; 2) Voluntary health insurance; 3) Social health insurance; 4) Targeted programs; 5) Mandatory residence insurance; 6) The universalist model; 7) Medical savings accounts. For each model discussed, attention is paid to the following dimensions: who pays and who benefits from the system; the number and legal status of the insurers; the methods by which users contribute financially; the freedom of choice granted to citizens; the relationships between insurers and providers; the role played by the State.