One of the most fascinating events in the cultural history of opera is its encounter with phonography at the beginning of the twentieth century. The encounter was highly successful, leading to profound and reciprocal mutations of operatic practices and the medium, establishing reciprocal new norms, ideas, and behaviours. This book adopts the approach of media archaeology to reconstruct the essential stages of this path of transformation, exploring it in the various domains in which it manifested itself. A first chapter reconstructs the narratives of the ‘recording voice’ as a set of technical and aesthetic characteristics of (art) singing in the age of technical reproducibility. Given the gradual establishment of the speaking machine as a prosthetic singing teacher, the second chapter analyses four more or less successful phonographic treatises on singing, three of them from the United States. An Intermezzo is devoted to the overall media strategies of these treatises and the conditions of phonographic performativity. The third chapter begins with a brief examination of late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century vocal treatises. This leads to an analysis of some relevant recordings of Canio’s Recitativo and Arioso from Pagliacci: the attempt is to show how transformations in vocalisation and interpretive style can be attributed, at least in part, to phonographic agency, even within the framework of broader and more recognized changes in performative paradigms tout court. The following fourth chapter addresses the ways in which the phonographic industry made opera one of its flagship products, exploring the idea that recorded music generated specific processes of ‘textualization’ and ‘historicization’. Building on the industrial processes constructing records as the ‘living history’ of opera, the fifth and final chapter addresses the creation of specific imaginaries by phonoamateurs. It analyses the media transformations of the ‘golden age’ myth, the ‘cult of personality’ of Francesco Tamagno as the creator of Giuseppe Verdi’s Otello, then the idea of ‘Carusism’ and the processes of construction of a tenor ‘persona’. The Finale traces the paths that took Carusian imagery from Naples to Culver City, that is, from the world of opera to the emerging worlds of sound cinema and popular culture more generally. Thus, the book concludes with another lunge at vocal timbre. Indeed, timbre was the ultimate and indispensable residue of the encounter between the long-lived cultural techniques of opera and the nascent epistemic culture of phonography, the ideal space where the demands and desires of industry, performers, and phonoamateurs converged.
Una delle vicende più affascinanti nella storia culturale dell’opera in musica è il suo incontro con la fonografia agli albori del Novecento. L’incontro fu felicissimo, e condusse a profonde e reciproche mutazioni delle pratiche operistiche e del medium, stabilendo per le une e per l’altro nuove norme, idee e comportamenti. Questo volume segue e ricostruisce in chiave di archeologia mediale le tappe essenziali di tale percorso di trasformazione, sondandolo nei diversi domini in cui si è manifestato. Un primo capitolo ricostruisce le narrazioni circa la recording voice quale insieme di caratteristiche tecniche ed estetiche del canto d’arte nell’epoca della riproducibilità tecnica. Vista la progressiva affermazione della macchina parlante come maestro prostetico di canto, il secondo capitolo analizza quattro trattati fonografici di canto più o meno fortunati, tre dei quali di area statunitense. Un Intermezzo è dedicato alle strategie mediali complessive di questi trattati, e alle condizioni di performatività fonografica. Quindi nel terzo capitolo, dopo un breve esame della trattatistica di canto tra secondo Ottocento e primo Novecento, si propone l’analisi di registrazioni particolarmente rilevanti del Recitativo e Arioso di Canio, da Pagliacci, cercando di mostrare come le trasformazioni nella vocalità e nello stile interpretativo possano essere almeno in parte ricondotte all’agency fonografica, pur nel quadro di più ampi e riconosciuti cambiamenti nei paradigmi performativi tout court. Il successivo quarto capitolo affronta i modi in cui l’industria fonografica fece dell’opera uno dei suoi prodotti di punta, approfondendo l’idea che la musica incisa generò processi specifici di testualizzazione e storicizzazione. Sulla scorta dei processi di costruzione industriale del disco quale ‘storia viva’ dell’opera, il quinto e ultimo capitolo affronta la creazione di immaginari specifici da parte dei fonoamatori. Si analizzano le trasformazioni mediali del mito della ‘golden age’, il ‘culto della personalità’ di Francesco Tamagno quale creatore dell’Otello di Giuseppe Verdi, quindi l’idea di ‘carusismo’ e i processi di costruzione di una ‘persona’ tenorile. Il Finale ripercorre le strade che portarono gli immaginari carusiani da Napoli a Culver City, ovvero dal mondo dell’opera a quelli nascenti del cinema sonoro e, più in generale, delle culture popular. Quindi, il volume si conclude con un ulteriore affondo sul timbro vocale. Nel quadro generale di un passaggio dall’ottocentesca etica dei colori a una nuova etica del colore, esso fu il residuo ultimo e irrinunciabile dell’incontro tra le longeve tecniche culturali dell’opera e la nascente cultura epistemica della fonografia, luogo ideale dove convergevano le istanze e i desideri di industria, performer e fonoamatori.
Daniele Palma (2024). Recording Voices. Archeologia fonografica dell'opera (1887-1948). Lucca : Libreria Musicale Italiana.
Recording Voices. Archeologia fonografica dell'opera (1887-1948)
Daniele Palma
2024
Abstract
One of the most fascinating events in the cultural history of opera is its encounter with phonography at the beginning of the twentieth century. The encounter was highly successful, leading to profound and reciprocal mutations of operatic practices and the medium, establishing reciprocal new norms, ideas, and behaviours. This book adopts the approach of media archaeology to reconstruct the essential stages of this path of transformation, exploring it in the various domains in which it manifested itself. A first chapter reconstructs the narratives of the ‘recording voice’ as a set of technical and aesthetic characteristics of (art) singing in the age of technical reproducibility. Given the gradual establishment of the speaking machine as a prosthetic singing teacher, the second chapter analyses four more or less successful phonographic treatises on singing, three of them from the United States. An Intermezzo is devoted to the overall media strategies of these treatises and the conditions of phonographic performativity. The third chapter begins with a brief examination of late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century vocal treatises. This leads to an analysis of some relevant recordings of Canio’s Recitativo and Arioso from Pagliacci: the attempt is to show how transformations in vocalisation and interpretive style can be attributed, at least in part, to phonographic agency, even within the framework of broader and more recognized changes in performative paradigms tout court. The following fourth chapter addresses the ways in which the phonographic industry made opera one of its flagship products, exploring the idea that recorded music generated specific processes of ‘textualization’ and ‘historicization’. Building on the industrial processes constructing records as the ‘living history’ of opera, the fifth and final chapter addresses the creation of specific imaginaries by phonoamateurs. It analyses the media transformations of the ‘golden age’ myth, the ‘cult of personality’ of Francesco Tamagno as the creator of Giuseppe Verdi’s Otello, then the idea of ‘Carusism’ and the processes of construction of a tenor ‘persona’. The Finale traces the paths that took Carusian imagery from Naples to Culver City, that is, from the world of opera to the emerging worlds of sound cinema and popular culture more generally. Thus, the book concludes with another lunge at vocal timbre. Indeed, timbre was the ultimate and indispensable residue of the encounter between the long-lived cultural techniques of opera and the nascent epistemic culture of phonography, the ideal space where the demands and desires of industry, performers, and phonoamateurs converged.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.


