The Divine Comedy entails interesting typological comparisons with narratives from Zoroastrian Iran and its rich eschatological textuality on the journey of the soul, and on the different situations of judgment with consequent celestial ascent, up to the Paradise of Infinite Light. In these contexts of visions and apparitions there is a divine female character, Daēnā, a sort of transcendent double of the soul that mirrors the good or bad deeds of the deceased, revealing herself for celestial beauty or horrid ugliness. This epiphany announcing elevations comes at dawn: this event recalls a passage of the Comedy (Purg. XXX, 22-33) where the morning lights and fragrances are heralds of Beatrice’s manifestation. A mythology of the Aurora, examined in the personifications of the morning lights - within the Indo-European culture (Greek, Latin, Indian, Iranian) - confirms those aspects of radiant beauty, connected to Aurora that ‘seduces’, that ‘draws’ and ‘moves’ everything, being a goddess-guide who accompanies the wayfarer, who illuminates and makes the paths visible and practicable. The figure of Daēnā, auroral soul-mirror that ‘reflects’ human actions, is therefore placed in a visionary context, as the very etymology of her name reveals (Daēnā ‘vision’, ability to see and to show) and this aspect further strengthens a parallel with Beatrice and with the solar power of her emerald-eyed gaze which has a visionary and anagogical power. But in addition to the typological approach there is another reason, more historical, which makes this comparison between Beatrice and Daēnā interesting, and which inserts these Zoroastrian tales in the wider textual range of narratives received - through Islamic mediation - in the Middle Ages, and renews the debate on possible Islamic-Dante interactions and on the writings at the basis of Dante’s cultural formation.
La Divina Commedia si presta a interessanti confronti tipologici con narrazioni provenienti dall’Iran zoroastriano e dalla sua ricca testualità escatologica sul viaggio dell’anima, sulle diverse situazioni di giudizio e di conseguente ascesa lungo i livelli cosmici di Stelle, Luna e Sole, fino al Paradiso della Luce Infinita. In tali contesti di visioni e apparizioni si trova un personaggio divino femminile, Daēnā, una sorta di doppio trascendente dell’anima che rispecchia le buone o cattive azioni del defunto, rivelandosi per celestiale bellezza o orrida bruttezza. Epifania che annuncia elevazioni e apoteosi, la sua comparsa alle luci dell’aurora ricorda un passo dantesco (Purg. XXX, 22-33) dove le luci mattutine e le fragranze sono araldi della manifestazione di Beatrice. Una mitologia dell’Aurora, esaminata nelle personificazioni delle luci mattutine - all’interno della cultura indoeuropea (greca, latina, indiana, iranica e lituana) - conferma quegli aspetti di bellezza radiosa, connessi alla venustà di una Aurora che ‘se-duce’, che ‘trae’ e che ‘muove’, vera dea-guida che accompagna il viandante, che rischiara e che rende i percorsi visibili e percorribili. La figura di Daēnā, anima-specchio aurorale che ‘rispecchia’ le azioni umane, si colloca quindi in un contesto visionario, come la stessa etimologia del suo nome rivela (Daēnā ‘visione’, capacità di vedere e far vedere) e questa simbolica ottica rafforza ancor più un parallelo con Beatrice e con la potenza del suo sguardo dagli occhi smeraldini che ha un potere conoscitivo-visionario e anagogico: al pari dell’occhio solare di Daēnā psicopompa, auriga e guida dell’anima verso i mondi superiori nella letteratura zoroastriana. Ma oltre alla tipologia vi è un altro motivo, più storico-letterario, che rende interessante questo confronto e che inserisce questi racconti zoroastriani nel più ampio ventaglio testuale di narrazioni pervenute – per mediazione islamica – al medioevo, in opere come Il Libro della Scala, e rinnova il dibattito sulle possibili interazioni islamico-dantesche e sulle letture alla base della sua formazione culturale.
Piras, A. (2023). Beatrice, Daēnā e altre dee-guida: confronti tipologici in varie narrazioni, mazdee e manichee. Napoli : UniorPress [10.6093/978-88-6719-278-6].
Beatrice, Daēnā e altre dee-guida: confronti tipologici in varie narrazioni, mazdee e manichee
A. Piras
2023
Abstract
The Divine Comedy entails interesting typological comparisons with narratives from Zoroastrian Iran and its rich eschatological textuality on the journey of the soul, and on the different situations of judgment with consequent celestial ascent, up to the Paradise of Infinite Light. In these contexts of visions and apparitions there is a divine female character, Daēnā, a sort of transcendent double of the soul that mirrors the good or bad deeds of the deceased, revealing herself for celestial beauty or horrid ugliness. This epiphany announcing elevations comes at dawn: this event recalls a passage of the Comedy (Purg. XXX, 22-33) where the morning lights and fragrances are heralds of Beatrice’s manifestation. A mythology of the Aurora, examined in the personifications of the morning lights - within the Indo-European culture (Greek, Latin, Indian, Iranian) - confirms those aspects of radiant beauty, connected to Aurora that ‘seduces’, that ‘draws’ and ‘moves’ everything, being a goddess-guide who accompanies the wayfarer, who illuminates and makes the paths visible and practicable. The figure of Daēnā, auroral soul-mirror that ‘reflects’ human actions, is therefore placed in a visionary context, as the very etymology of her name reveals (Daēnā ‘vision’, ability to see and to show) and this aspect further strengthens a parallel with Beatrice and with the solar power of her emerald-eyed gaze which has a visionary and anagogical power. But in addition to the typological approach there is another reason, more historical, which makes this comparison between Beatrice and Daēnā interesting, and which inserts these Zoroastrian tales in the wider textual range of narratives received - through Islamic mediation - in the Middle Ages, and renews the debate on possible Islamic-Dante interactions and on the writings at the basis of Dante’s cultural formation.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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