The genus Fusarium is a widespread phytopathogenic fungi, including several species able to produce high toxic compounds. Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum (type B trichothecene-producers), F. sporotrichioides, F. poae and F. equiseti (type A) are among the main trichothene-producing Fusarium species. Tricothecenes are potent inhibitors of eukaryotic protein synthesis through ingestion contaminated food and feed (Desjardin, 2006). All the above cited species are common fungal pathogens of cereals, and are causal agents of Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat.Wheat cultivation (year 2007, 1667732 ha) has an important role in Syrian economy, but there are no published records on the etiological aspects of FHB and the accumulation of mycotoxins. Based on these premises, we performed in vitro analysis on wheat kernels samples coming from different Syrian cultivated areas. Four hundred kernels per sample were analyzed following the methodology described by Prodi et al. (2009). All different fungal genera were identified at light microscope. The Fusarium species were morphologically identified (Leslie and Summerell, 2006) and qualitative PCR was performed on the genomic DNA of some strains to confirm the morphological identification. The data revealed that Alternaria spp. and Cladosporium spp. were the most frequent fungi (25.0% and 4.0%, respectively), while Fusarium spp. were present in low percentage (1.4%). F. culmorum, F. incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC), Gibberella fujikuroi complex and F. tricinctum were identified. The strains of F. culmorum and FIESC were tested for their ability to produce trichothecenes, moreover, F. culmorum was characterized for chemotypes based on the presence of gene for mono- acetylated DON derivatives (3-ADON, 15-ADON) and nivalenol (NIV). The trichothecenes production gene was present in a large number of FIESC; the chemotype 3-ADON was mainly present (60%) in F. culmorum while 15-ADON was not detected. The first data of F. culmorum Syrian isolates were similar to those of an Italian population, where 3-ADON is the prevalent chemotype (Prodi et al., 2010) .
D. Alkadri, D. Salomoni, S. Tonti, P. Nipoti, D. Pancaldi, I. Alberti, et al. (2010). Mycotoxigenic Fusarium populatin in Syrian wheat kernels. CAIRO : s.n.
Mycotoxigenic Fusarium populatin in Syrian wheat kernels
ALKADRI, DIMA;NIPOTI, PAOLA;PANCALDI, DAVIDE;PRODI, ANTONIO
2010
Abstract
The genus Fusarium is a widespread phytopathogenic fungi, including several species able to produce high toxic compounds. Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum (type B trichothecene-producers), F. sporotrichioides, F. poae and F. equiseti (type A) are among the main trichothene-producing Fusarium species. Tricothecenes are potent inhibitors of eukaryotic protein synthesis through ingestion contaminated food and feed (Desjardin, 2006). All the above cited species are common fungal pathogens of cereals, and are causal agents of Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat.Wheat cultivation (year 2007, 1667732 ha) has an important role in Syrian economy, but there are no published records on the etiological aspects of FHB and the accumulation of mycotoxins. Based on these premises, we performed in vitro analysis on wheat kernels samples coming from different Syrian cultivated areas. Four hundred kernels per sample were analyzed following the methodology described by Prodi et al. (2009). All different fungal genera were identified at light microscope. The Fusarium species were morphologically identified (Leslie and Summerell, 2006) and qualitative PCR was performed on the genomic DNA of some strains to confirm the morphological identification. The data revealed that Alternaria spp. and Cladosporium spp. were the most frequent fungi (25.0% and 4.0%, respectively), while Fusarium spp. were present in low percentage (1.4%). F. culmorum, F. incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC), Gibberella fujikuroi complex and F. tricinctum were identified. The strains of F. culmorum and FIESC were tested for their ability to produce trichothecenes, moreover, F. culmorum was characterized for chemotypes based on the presence of gene for mono- acetylated DON derivatives (3-ADON, 15-ADON) and nivalenol (NIV). The trichothecenes production gene was present in a large number of FIESC; the chemotype 3-ADON was mainly present (60%) in F. culmorum while 15-ADON was not detected. The first data of F. culmorum Syrian isolates were similar to those of an Italian population, where 3-ADON is the prevalent chemotype (Prodi et al., 2010) .I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
