The term ultrasound comprises a form of energy emitted at a frequency above human hearing. Diagnostic ultrasound, also called sonography, exploits these waves to create images of the internal structures through the physical phenomenon of reflection. The ultrasonic beam is generated by a piezoelectric crystal, which converts the returning waves into an electric signal that produces images. Endoanal ultrasonography was introduced in pediatrics in the late 1990s and since then, it has permitted a proper anatomic definition of the pelvic and perianal structures with huge implications in the study of the pathologies concerning this field. The rotating endoprobes, equipped with linear or circular arrays of crystals, permit the creation of 360° images and suggestive 3D representations. The internal anal sphincter appears hypoechoic, whereas the external sphincter appears hyperechoic. They are separated by the intersphincteric space marked by a moderate hyper-echogenicity.
Ruggeri G., Pavia S., Di Salvo N., Thomas E., Lima M. (2022). Basics of Endoanal Ultrasounds. Berlino : Springer International Publishing [10.1007/978-3-030-97668-2_2].
Basics of Endoanal Ultrasounds
Pavia S.;Lima M.
2022
Abstract
The term ultrasound comprises a form of energy emitted at a frequency above human hearing. Diagnostic ultrasound, also called sonography, exploits these waves to create images of the internal structures through the physical phenomenon of reflection. The ultrasonic beam is generated by a piezoelectric crystal, which converts the returning waves into an electric signal that produces images. Endoanal ultrasonography was introduced in pediatrics in the late 1990s and since then, it has permitted a proper anatomic definition of the pelvic and perianal structures with huge implications in the study of the pathologies concerning this field. The rotating endoprobes, equipped with linear or circular arrays of crystals, permit the creation of 360° images and suggestive 3D representations. The internal anal sphincter appears hypoechoic, whereas the external sphincter appears hyperechoic. They are separated by the intersphincteric space marked by a moderate hyper-echogenicity.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
