Epistemic Peer Disagreement

This essay presents and critically assesses some of the main positions in the peer disagreement debates and offers a new position based on a pluralistic understanding of epistemic rationality according to which questions concerning internal rationality should be kept distinct from questions concerning external rationality. Internal rationality and external rationality both constitute positive epistemic standings. They are both philosophic- ally interesting species of rationality and, as such, both are relevant to the issue of the epistemic signi!cance of recognized peer disagreement.