Pathophysiology roles and translational opportunities of miRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents the second leading cause of cancer related death world-wide. When diagnosed at advanced stages its prognosis is dismal with a limited benefit deriving from systemic treatments. Molecular classification of HCC proposed so far never entered the clinical practice. In line, no prognostic and predictive biomarker actually guides treatment choice. MicroRNAs play a relevant role in HCC development and progression, thus they represent a source of prognostic and predictive biomarkers. To this aim, the knowledge of microRNA-driven molecular mechanisms will help to define the best translational opportunities. Here we focused on a panel of microRNAs commonly deregulated in HCC, depicting representative mechanisms of their involvement in carcinogenesis. We also report evidence on their possible use as tissue and circulating prognostic biomarkers, as well as predictors of response to treatments. Finally, data are presented, supporting the role of microRNAs as novel therapeutic targets.