Coffee Assessment Using 1H NMR Spectroscopy and Multivariate Data Analysis: A Review

The importance of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for the food industry, including the coffee industry, has led to several studies using this analytical tool to assess coffee in different scenarios. In this context, this chapter presents an overview of 1H NMR-based metabolomics analysis used in coffee quality control. Several articles using 1H NMR associated with multivariate data analysis have been published to investigate aspects related to quality, authenticity, sensory quality, production processes, and origin of coffee. In addition, the present review reports the main chemical shifts of the constituents present in the extracts of green and roasted coffee beans. The results presented confirm the potential and versatility of 1H NMR combined with chemometric tools for coffee analysis, playing an important role in distinguishing and identifying the origins, quality, and purity of coffee. Exploratory data analysis, classification, and calibration are the most used chemometric methods in metabolomics applied in the coffee field. The results show the potential of NMR and multivariate data analysis for coffee authentication.