Art Deco is the term used to designate the modern style that acquired pre-eminence in many countries, and went as far as India and New Zealand, in the years between the two world wars, persisting in some cases beyond that period. The style left its mark in all the visual arts: Architecture, applied arts, interior design, textiles, fashion, photography, films, and in publicity campaigns. ● The definition appeared much later than its materialization. The term Art Deco was used for the first time in France in 1966 at the exhibition Les annéès '25': Art Déco/Bauhaus/Stijl/Esprit Noveau, but it was not until two years later that the word was used by Bevis Hillier, in his book Art Deco of the 20s and 30s to explicitly identify the style. Since then, there have been multiple studies and exhibitions that have focused their attention in particular on North America, and on the influences received from Europe, where this style was developed successfully in France, Spain, Austria, Germany and Belgium. Beyond the narrow circle of valuable Cuban scholars who devoted themselves to the topic, very few know, however, that one of the cities in which Art Deco preserves its most generous heritage is, precisely, Havana. And this is also due to the fact that, in contrast with other places, Havana has preserved buildings made for the middle class and the petite bourgeoisie which in other places, in New York and Chicago, for example, were demolished long ago. These two cities in the United States preserve this style in monumental remains alone, much valued in fact, but offering only a partial view of the style. In Miami beach, however, despite the conservationist efforts made in the 1970s, all that is left is, above all, the façades of the buildings, and then not always in their original condition. Some studies have been devoted to Havana Deco already, like those by Eduardo Luis Rodriguez, Alejandro Alonso and Maria Elena Martin Zequeira. As the abovementioned authors themselves acknowledge there is still a lot of work to be done to improve the knowledge of the vast Deco heritage of the island. Because of all the above, my book delves on the theme, since many of the buildings considered in my research have never been studied and published; likewise, it inserts the artistic expression in the widest historic and cultural context in which they were in created, considering not only architecture but also painting, and especially the painting of Marcelo Pogolotti; Sculpture, in particular Rita Longa's work, as well as literature, fashion, the magazines of those years, such as Social. Aspects until now scarcely considered since the publications referring to the theme have privileged up to the moment the architectonic and stylistic aspect. Access to a vast bibliography and repeated sojourns, not only in Havana, but also in Paris, New York, Madrid and Miami, cities with which the Cuban capital city had more numerous and frequent contacts, have provided the author with insights allowing her to highlight the particular contribution made to this style by those that worked in this city of the Greater Antilles.
Art déco è il termine utilizzato per lo stile moderno, che arrivò a un’espansione e preminenza, in molti diversi paesi, fino all’India e alla Nuova Zelanda, negli anni tra le due guerre mondiali, e in alcuni casi anche oltre. Lasciò la sua impronta su ogni mezzo visivo: architettura, arti applicate, interior design, tessuti, moda, fotografia, cinema, promozioni pubblicitarie. La definizione è successiva alle sue manifestazioni. Il primo uso del termine Art déco si ha in Francia nel 1966 nella mostra Les annéès ‘25’: Art Déco/Bauhaus/Stijl/Esprit Noveau, ma solo due anni dopo la parola venne usata per identificare esplicitamente uno stile da Bevis Hillier nel suo libro Art Deco of the 20s and 30s. A partire da allora, vi è stato un moltiplicarsi di studi e mostre che hanno centrato la loro attenzione in particolare sul Nord America e sugli influssi che lì arrivarono dall’Europa, da importanti centri di elaborazione che videro ai primi posti Francia, Austria, Germania e Belgio. Tuttavia pochi sanno, al di fuori della stretta cerchia dei pochi studiosi cubani che si sono dedicati al tema, che una delle città che conserva il più ampio patrimonio Art Déco è certamente L’Avana. Anche perché, a differenza di altri luoghi, questa ha conservato gli edifici costruiti per la classe media e la piccola borghesia, altrove, come per esempio a New York e Chicago, da tempo demoliti. Le due città nordamericane, infatti, conservano di questo stile solo le emergenze monumentali, certamente pregevoli, ma che danno un’immagine parziale di questo stile. Mentre a Miami beach, nonostante gli sforzi conservativi promossi a partire dagli anni Settanta, ciò che rimane sono prevalentemente le facciate degli edifici, e anche queste non sempre allo stato originario. A L’Avana déco sono stati già dedicati alcuni studi, in particolare da Eduardo Luís Rodriguez, Alejandro Alonso, e María Elena Martín Zequeira. Come riconoscono questi autori, tuttavia, ancora molto lavoro resta da fare per la conoscenza del vasto patrimonio déco della perla delle Antille. Il mio libro si pone tra gli obiettivi quello di ampliare la conoscenza di quanto già noto, dato che molti degli edifici considerati nelle mie indagini sono inediti, e inserire le manifestazioni artistiche, e in particolare architettoniche, nel più ampio contesto storico-culturale nel quale sono state create. L’accesso a una vasta bibliografia e ripetuti soggiorni, oltre che a L’Avana, a Parigi, New York e Miami, città con le quali la città cubana ha avuto più numerosi e frequenti contatti, mi hanno, inoltre, facilitato un ampio ventaglio di confronti, che permettono di mettere in risalto il contributo particolare dato a questo stile da coloro che operarono nella città delle Antille.
Alessandra Anselmi (2020). L'Avana déco: arte, cultura, società. Roma : Gangemi.
L'Avana déco: arte, cultura, società
Alessandra AnselmiPrimo
Investigation
2020
Abstract
Art Deco is the term used to designate the modern style that acquired pre-eminence in many countries, and went as far as India and New Zealand, in the years between the two world wars, persisting in some cases beyond that period. The style left its mark in all the visual arts: Architecture, applied arts, interior design, textiles, fashion, photography, films, and in publicity campaigns. ● The definition appeared much later than its materialization. The term Art Deco was used for the first time in France in 1966 at the exhibition Les annéès '25': Art Déco/Bauhaus/Stijl/Esprit Noveau, but it was not until two years later that the word was used by Bevis Hillier, in his book Art Deco of the 20s and 30s to explicitly identify the style. Since then, there have been multiple studies and exhibitions that have focused their attention in particular on North America, and on the influences received from Europe, where this style was developed successfully in France, Spain, Austria, Germany and Belgium. Beyond the narrow circle of valuable Cuban scholars who devoted themselves to the topic, very few know, however, that one of the cities in which Art Deco preserves its most generous heritage is, precisely, Havana. And this is also due to the fact that, in contrast with other places, Havana has preserved buildings made for the middle class and the petite bourgeoisie which in other places, in New York and Chicago, for example, were demolished long ago. These two cities in the United States preserve this style in monumental remains alone, much valued in fact, but offering only a partial view of the style. In Miami beach, however, despite the conservationist efforts made in the 1970s, all that is left is, above all, the façades of the buildings, and then not always in their original condition. Some studies have been devoted to Havana Deco already, like those by Eduardo Luis Rodriguez, Alejandro Alonso and Maria Elena Martin Zequeira. As the abovementioned authors themselves acknowledge there is still a lot of work to be done to improve the knowledge of the vast Deco heritage of the island. Because of all the above, my book delves on the theme, since many of the buildings considered in my research have never been studied and published; likewise, it inserts the artistic expression in the widest historic and cultural context in which they were in created, considering not only architecture but also painting, and especially the painting of Marcelo Pogolotti; Sculpture, in particular Rita Longa's work, as well as literature, fashion, the magazines of those years, such as Social. Aspects until now scarcely considered since the publications referring to the theme have privileged up to the moment the architectonic and stylistic aspect. Access to a vast bibliography and repeated sojourns, not only in Havana, but also in Paris, New York, Madrid and Miami, cities with which the Cuban capital city had more numerous and frequent contacts, have provided the author with insights allowing her to highlight the particular contribution made to this style by those that worked in this city of the Greater Antilles.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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