15 - TiO2 in the building sector

This chapter deals with innovative applications of photocatalytic TiO2 in different building materials, with particular reference to cement-based materials (concrete, mortars, and pavements) and tiles, which are omnipresent materials in constructions. The possibility of manufacturing materials with antipollution, self-cleaning, and antimicrobial surface is extremely attractive in buildings, while the use of embedded titania nanoparticles is expected to improve the mechanical strength of concrete, which is desirable for structural applications. Two further applications of TiO2 are considered in the present chapter. The first one is in geopolymers, a new class of binders that received great attention in recent years, due to their much lower environmental impact and higher resistance to aggressive agents and high temperatures, compared to ordinary Portland cement. The second application is in the field of cultural heritage, where TiO2-based treatments may contribute to fight the chemical and biological deterioration processes threatening ancient building materials, thus helping one to preserve our national identities and economic prosperity.