Thought dynamics: Which role for mind wandering in creativity

For a long time, mainstream psychological research on cognitive pro- cesses has been focused on the investigation of externally-oriented cognition, namely deliberate processes generated in response to cues provided by the experi- menter and associated with specific experimental paradigms. During the last two decades, there has been a surge of interest in both psychology and neuroscience toward the investigation of internally-oriented cognition, and, among the different kinds, a growing interest has been devoted to mind wandering (MW), which repre- sents a shift in the contents of thought away from an ongoing task and/or from events in the external environment, toward internal mental contents. By definition, MW is characterized by a flow of thought, and it occurs without a fixed course or a drive to reach a specific goal. Creative thinking also involves dynamic shifts between different information and mental states. Does mind wandering contribute to creativ- ity? Here we briefly review mixed findings on the association between MW and creativity and we outline a new multidimensional dynamic approach, in which the associations between different kinds of MW (i.e. spontaneous and deliberate) and different forms of creativity are considered. Practical implications of this approach are discussed.