Theory and methodology of sport training is currently a teaching subject in several courses of sport and movement sciences worldwide. Even, it is a subject of several best selling books, and papers published in peer review journals. However something unclear exist in the definition of the field of study and in some concepts, which are purely theoretical construct, not supported by a priori sound experimental results, but only by ex-post experimental designs descending from theories, and thus at risk to be a “pseudoscience” according to Karl Popper definition of pseudosciences (Popper, 1963). In this perspective, sport practice are sometime disconnected in appliying “science” to the general process of training because of unclear concepts, naif translations to practice of general physiological and psychological principles, and variety of methodological proposals who crash with everyday practice experience. The impossibility of managing a vast number of factors, interacting in determing modifications on the long perspective, has necessarly given space to theoretical speculations, in order to develop practical methods for training. On the other side, the “explosion” of scientific writing, caused a progressive specialization, with a loss of a general framework in which to inscribe the phenomena characterizing the human response to physical training. So, today sport scientists are facing in one side an increasing, and unmanageable, amount of researches, dealing with very narrow aspects of sport training, and on the other side, “methods” which are proposed as consequences general theories. Aims of this critical review, is to review the current state of strength and endurance training, in order to make the point about the gaps between general theories of sport training and specific researches. Starting with an historical perspective, this review and reflective paper will outlook at the classical theories of periodization and to proposed methods to develop strength and endurance in sport, considering the interactions of some basic science knownledge with practiced applied field methodologies. A survey of past and recent trends in strength and endurance development show how the “recipe” for a sound training program has manifolds factors which are unclear. Ultimately, beside general laws concerning the human body adaptive process, it will be shown how personalization of training and mixing methods can deal to a better scheduling for optimal results.
Cicchella A. (2019). Training strength and endurance in sport: historical perspective and open questions. Liepaja : Liepaja University Publishing House.
Training strength and endurance in sport: historical perspective and open questions
Cicchella A.
2019
Abstract
Theory and methodology of sport training is currently a teaching subject in several courses of sport and movement sciences worldwide. Even, it is a subject of several best selling books, and papers published in peer review journals. However something unclear exist in the definition of the field of study and in some concepts, which are purely theoretical construct, not supported by a priori sound experimental results, but only by ex-post experimental designs descending from theories, and thus at risk to be a “pseudoscience” according to Karl Popper definition of pseudosciences (Popper, 1963). In this perspective, sport practice are sometime disconnected in appliying “science” to the general process of training because of unclear concepts, naif translations to practice of general physiological and psychological principles, and variety of methodological proposals who crash with everyday practice experience. The impossibility of managing a vast number of factors, interacting in determing modifications on the long perspective, has necessarly given space to theoretical speculations, in order to develop practical methods for training. On the other side, the “explosion” of scientific writing, caused a progressive specialization, with a loss of a general framework in which to inscribe the phenomena characterizing the human response to physical training. So, today sport scientists are facing in one side an increasing, and unmanageable, amount of researches, dealing with very narrow aspects of sport training, and on the other side, “methods” which are proposed as consequences general theories. Aims of this critical review, is to review the current state of strength and endurance training, in order to make the point about the gaps between general theories of sport training and specific researches. Starting with an historical perspective, this review and reflective paper will outlook at the classical theories of periodization and to proposed methods to develop strength and endurance in sport, considering the interactions of some basic science knownledge with practiced applied field methodologies. A survey of past and recent trends in strength and endurance development show how the “recipe” for a sound training program has manifolds factors which are unclear. Ultimately, beside general laws concerning the human body adaptive process, it will be shown how personalization of training and mixing methods can deal to a better scheduling for optimal results.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
