The political economy of European Banking Union

The establishment of Banking Union represents a major development in European economic governance and European integration history more generally. Banking Union is also significant because not all European Union (EU) member states have joined it, which has increased the trend towards differentiated integration in the EU, posing a major challenge to the EU as a whole and to the opt-out countries. This book is informed by two main empirical questions. Why was Banking Union—presented by proponents as a crucial move to ‘complete’ Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)—proposed only in 2012, over twenty years after the adoption of the Maastricht Treaty? Why has a certain design for Banking Union been agreed and some elements of this design prioritized over others? A two-step explanation is articulated in this book. First, it explains why euro area member state governments moved to consider Banking Union by building on the concept of the financial trilemma, and examining the implications of the single currency for euro area members and non-euro area members. Second, it explains the design of Banking Union by examining the preferences of member state governments on the core components of Banking Union concerning supervision, resolution and deposit guarantee and developing a comparative political economy analysis focused on the configuration of national banking systems and concerns related to the moral hazard facing both banks and sovereigns.