Systems, methods and articles for reading highly blurred machine-readable symbols

Systems and methods for robust recognition of machine-readable symbols from highly blurred or distorted images. An image signal representation of a machine-readable symbol element is transformed into a different space using one or more transform operations, which moves an n-dimensional vector of measured light intensities into another n-dimensional space. The types of transform operations may include blur robust orthonormal bases, such as the Discrete Sine Transform, the Discrete Cosine Transform, the Chebyshev Transform, and the Lagrange Transform. A trained classifier (e.g., an artificial intelligence machine learning algorithm) may be used to classify the transformed signal in the transformed space. The types of trainable classifiers that may be used include random forest classifiers, Mahalanobis classifiers, support vector machines, and classification or regression trees.