Among the several profiles of Arnold J. Toynbee – historian, philosopher of history, scholar of antiquity -, the one emerging from the papers held at the Foreign Office Archive in London is undoubtedly less known. He was indeed an expert for the British intelligence during the First World War and in the immediate post-war period. Through the analyses for the reorganization of the Middle East prepared for the Paris Peace Conference - as well as through the wide production of essays and articles dedicated to this issue in the 1920’s - what comes out is the central role attributed to the “Islamic civilization”. The frame of Toynbee analyses is essentially political and deeply aware of the changed balance in global relations between West and East, so far from the culturalist simplifications recently attached to his thought by the “clash of civilizations” theories. Furthermore, the political project for the Middle East opened up an important horizon for the future of a declining British Empire, object of reform projects since the beginning of the century. The claims for national self-determination in the Muslim world were indeed a fundamental element of Toynbee political-institutional reflection, aimed at legitimizing on new basis the British imperial adventure.
Tra i vari profili di Arnold J. Toynbee - storico, filosofo della storia, antichista – quello che emerge dalle carte del Foreign Office di Londra è uno dei meno noti, ovvero quello di esperto dell’intelligence britannico negli anni della Prima Guerra mondiale e dell’immediato dopoguerra. Dalle analisi sul riassetto del Medio Oriente messe a punto in vista della Conferenza di Pace di Parigi - nonché dall’ampia produzione saggistica e pubblicistica dedicata a questo tema nel corso degli anni Venti del Novecento – emerge il ruolo centrale riconosciuto alla “civiltà islamica” in una dimensione essenzialmente politica e profondamente consapevole dei mutati equilibri nelle relazioni globali tra Occidente e Oriente, ben lontana quindi dalle semplificazioni culturaliste attribuitegli in anni recenti nell’ambito delle teorie sullo “scontro di civiltà”. Ma il progetto politico per il Medio Oriente schiudeva per Toynbee anche uno scenario fondamentale per il futuro dell’impero britannico, in fase di declino e oggetto di proposte di riforma dall’inizio del secolo. Le rivendicazioni di autodeterminazione nazionale del mondo musulmano rappresentarono infatti un tassello essenziale nel quadro di un’originale riflessione politico-istituzionale tesa a legittimare su nuove basi l’avventura imperiale britannica.
Di Fiore, L. (2015). L’Islam e l’Impero. Il Medio Oriente di Toynbee all’indomani della Grande guerra. Roma : Viella.
L’Islam e l’Impero. Il Medio Oriente di Toynbee all’indomani della Grande guerra
DI FIORE, LAURA
2015
Abstract
Among the several profiles of Arnold J. Toynbee – historian, philosopher of history, scholar of antiquity -, the one emerging from the papers held at the Foreign Office Archive in London is undoubtedly less known. He was indeed an expert for the British intelligence during the First World War and in the immediate post-war period. Through the analyses for the reorganization of the Middle East prepared for the Paris Peace Conference - as well as through the wide production of essays and articles dedicated to this issue in the 1920’s - what comes out is the central role attributed to the “Islamic civilization”. The frame of Toynbee analyses is essentially political and deeply aware of the changed balance in global relations between West and East, so far from the culturalist simplifications recently attached to his thought by the “clash of civilizations” theories. Furthermore, the political project for the Middle East opened up an important horizon for the future of a declining British Empire, object of reform projects since the beginning of the century. The claims for national self-determination in the Muslim world were indeed a fundamental element of Toynbee political-institutional reflection, aimed at legitimizing on new basis the British imperial adventure.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.