The power system research community and industry acknowledge the importance of accurate load modelling for power system studies, however, many still use typical representation of static loads by the constant impedance/current/power load models, while dynamic loads, if represented, are usually modelled with an induction motor (IM) model. The last systematic update of load models was performed in the mid 1990s, since when significant changes have occurred in the structure, type and composition of loads at all network buses. General inadequacy of currently used load models was highlighted in several unsuccessful attempts to reproduce the behaviour observed in recent blackouts during the corresponding “post-mortem” simulations and analysis. Over the last several years, there has been a renewed interest in both industry and academia for load modelling due to appearance of new types of loads, offering increased efficiency and controllability. Different types of modern non-linear power electronic loads are now responsible for a significant part of the total demand in almost all load sectors. Furthermore, there are currently no appropriate load models available for the correct representation of various directly connected and inverter-interfaced micro and small-scale distributed generation technologies, which, in some of the future network scenarios, may strongly impact real and reactive power demands and behaviour in future network scenarios, as they would be installed in large numbers. In a response to this renewed interest in load modeling, CIGRÉ Study Committee C4 established, in late 2009, the Working Group (WG) C4.605: “Modelling and Aggregation of Loads in Flexible Power Networks”. The WG started work in February 2010 with the aim to: i) provide a critical and updated overview of existing load models and their parameters for power system studies at all voltage levels, and identify types of loads and load classes for which adequate load models are presently missing; ii) provide a comprehensive overview of existing methodologies for load modeling, with a critical overview of component based and measurement based approaches, clearly identifying their advantages and disadvantages; iii) develop a set of recommendations and step-by-step procedures for load model development and validation, using either component based or measurement based approaches, or their combination; iv) develop load models for all typical devices and classes of customers for which there are no existing models and recommend their typical parameter values and ranges; v) provide recommendations on developing equivalent static and dynamic models of networks with significant amount of distributed generation, including equivalent models of micro-grids and active distribution network cells.
Modelling and Aggregation of Loads in Flexible Power Networks
BORGHETTI, ALBERTO;
2014
Abstract
The power system research community and industry acknowledge the importance of accurate load modelling for power system studies, however, many still use typical representation of static loads by the constant impedance/current/power load models, while dynamic loads, if represented, are usually modelled with an induction motor (IM) model. The last systematic update of load models was performed in the mid 1990s, since when significant changes have occurred in the structure, type and composition of loads at all network buses. General inadequacy of currently used load models was highlighted in several unsuccessful attempts to reproduce the behaviour observed in recent blackouts during the corresponding “post-mortem” simulations and analysis. Over the last several years, there has been a renewed interest in both industry and academia for load modelling due to appearance of new types of loads, offering increased efficiency and controllability. Different types of modern non-linear power electronic loads are now responsible for a significant part of the total demand in almost all load sectors. Furthermore, there are currently no appropriate load models available for the correct representation of various directly connected and inverter-interfaced micro and small-scale distributed generation technologies, which, in some of the future network scenarios, may strongly impact real and reactive power demands and behaviour in future network scenarios, as they would be installed in large numbers. In a response to this renewed interest in load modeling, CIGRÉ Study Committee C4 established, in late 2009, the Working Group (WG) C4.605: “Modelling and Aggregation of Loads in Flexible Power Networks”. The WG started work in February 2010 with the aim to: i) provide a critical and updated overview of existing load models and their parameters for power system studies at all voltage levels, and identify types of loads and load classes for which adequate load models are presently missing; ii) provide a comprehensive overview of existing methodologies for load modeling, with a critical overview of component based and measurement based approaches, clearly identifying their advantages and disadvantages; iii) develop a set of recommendations and step-by-step procedures for load model development and validation, using either component based or measurement based approaches, or their combination; iv) develop load models for all typical devices and classes of customers for which there are no existing models and recommend their typical parameter values and ranges; v) provide recommendations on developing equivalent static and dynamic models of networks with significant amount of distributed generation, including equivalent models of micro-grids and active distribution network cells.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
