Canine Leishmaniasis (CanL) is associated with a high prevalence of glomerular damage and Chronic Kidney Disease. Quantitative albuminuria in humans is considered an early marker of renal damage, however its measurement in dogs is still limited in the clinical setting. The aim of the study was to describe clinicopatological findings in a population of dogs affected by CanL with particular regard to proteinuria, albuminuria and renal damage.The medical records of 135 dogs affected by CanL, admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (2004-2011), were available. CanL diagnosis was based on clinical signs and serology or cytology. Clinicopathological evaluation upon admission included CBC, a full biochemistry profile with Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) and Antithrombin, and urinalysis comprehensive of Urine Total Protein and Urine Albumin to Creatinine ratio (UPC and UAC), and Urine Albumin % (UA%). UAC and Serum Immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM) were measured in 114/135 and 20/135 dogs, respectively, and were quantified with immunoturbidimetric methods. These assays were previously validated in our lab and reference intervals were obtained using 65 healthy dogs. Data were analyzed with descriptive and non parametric statistics. A difference was considered significant for p<0.05.Eighty-eight of 135 were male, while age ranged between 0.4 and 12 years (Median 5). Serum Creatinine concentration (sCrea) was above the reference interval in 41/135 (30%; Median 0.98; Range 0.2-14.41; R.I. 0.65-1.4 mg/dl). Hypoalbuminemia was detected in 87/135 (64%; Median 2.35; Range 0.85-4.2; R.I. 2.8-3.7 g/dl), while hyperprotidemia in 59/135 (44%; Median 7.52: Range 3.6-15.17; R.I. 5.6-7.9 g/dl). Urine Specific Gravity (USG) was <1030 in 73/135 (54%; Median 1026; Range 1004- 1064). Proteinuria (UPC >0.5) was found in 80/135 (59%; Median 1.42; Range 0.01- 29.9). Albuminuria (UAC >0.024) was found in 75/114 (65%; Median 0.13; Range 0.001-14.846). Based on sCrea >1.4 mg/dl and USG < 1030 or UPC > 0.5, 85/135 dogs (63%) were considered Kidney Diseased (KD). KD dogs had significantly higher concentrations of serum globulins, IgG and IgM with a significant reduction of Hematocrit value and serum Albumin, A/G, Antithrombin, Calcium, TIBC concentrations. Among non proteinuric patients who had UAC performed (50/114), 13/50 (28%) were albuminuric. UA% on total urinary proteins ranged from 0.15 to 90% and was positively correlated with UPC (r=0.54) and UAC (r=0.80).Our results suggest that during CanL, KD dogs have a greater humoral response with more severe clinicopathological alterations; furthermore UAC could be a biomarker for early detection of renal damage.
E. Garbatini, S. Russo, C. Mugnaioni, A. Buono, F. Gentilini, F. Dondi (2012). Clinicopathological findings and diagnostic role of quantitative albuminruria in dogs affected by leishmaniasis: a retrospective study. Mandinger PJJ and German AJ.
Clinicopathological findings and diagnostic role of quantitative albuminruria in dogs affected by leishmaniasis: a retrospective study
GENTILINI, FABIO;DONDI, FRANCESCO
2012
Abstract
Canine Leishmaniasis (CanL) is associated with a high prevalence of glomerular damage and Chronic Kidney Disease. Quantitative albuminuria in humans is considered an early marker of renal damage, however its measurement in dogs is still limited in the clinical setting. The aim of the study was to describe clinicopatological findings in a population of dogs affected by CanL with particular regard to proteinuria, albuminuria and renal damage.The medical records of 135 dogs affected by CanL, admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (2004-2011), were available. CanL diagnosis was based on clinical signs and serology or cytology. Clinicopathological evaluation upon admission included CBC, a full biochemistry profile with Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) and Antithrombin, and urinalysis comprehensive of Urine Total Protein and Urine Albumin to Creatinine ratio (UPC and UAC), and Urine Albumin % (UA%). UAC and Serum Immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM) were measured in 114/135 and 20/135 dogs, respectively, and were quantified with immunoturbidimetric methods. These assays were previously validated in our lab and reference intervals were obtained using 65 healthy dogs. Data were analyzed with descriptive and non parametric statistics. A difference was considered significant for p<0.05.Eighty-eight of 135 were male, while age ranged between 0.4 and 12 years (Median 5). Serum Creatinine concentration (sCrea) was above the reference interval in 41/135 (30%; Median 0.98; Range 0.2-14.41; R.I. 0.65-1.4 mg/dl). Hypoalbuminemia was detected in 87/135 (64%; Median 2.35; Range 0.85-4.2; R.I. 2.8-3.7 g/dl), while hyperprotidemia in 59/135 (44%; Median 7.52: Range 3.6-15.17; R.I. 5.6-7.9 g/dl). Urine Specific Gravity (USG) was <1030 in 73/135 (54%; Median 1026; Range 1004- 1064). Proteinuria (UPC >0.5) was found in 80/135 (59%; Median 1.42; Range 0.01- 29.9). Albuminuria (UAC >0.024) was found in 75/114 (65%; Median 0.13; Range 0.001-14.846). Based on sCrea >1.4 mg/dl and USG < 1030 or UPC > 0.5, 85/135 dogs (63%) were considered Kidney Diseased (KD). KD dogs had significantly higher concentrations of serum globulins, IgG and IgM with a significant reduction of Hematocrit value and serum Albumin, A/G, Antithrombin, Calcium, TIBC concentrations. Among non proteinuric patients who had UAC performed (50/114), 13/50 (28%) were albuminuric. UA% on total urinary proteins ranged from 0.15 to 90% and was positively correlated with UPC (r=0.54) and UAC (r=0.80).Our results suggest that during CanL, KD dogs have a greater humoral response with more severe clinicopathological alterations; furthermore UAC could be a biomarker for early detection of renal damage.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
