Digital tools for transparency and accountability in education: The role of civil society organizations

Across the world, Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) are turning to digital technologies, transparency portals, monitoring platforms, and whistleblowing systems to increase transparency and accountability in education. This study evaluates their efforts to shed light on the financing and management of education systems. Drawing on a comprehensive desk review, survey data, and seven mini case studies, it explores how CSOs use information and communication technologies (ICTs) to prevent, detect, and address corruption in education. Building on the experiences of Education Out Loud grantees, it examines their successes and setbacks, from the use of innovative citizen-engagement tools to challenges posed by digital divides, funding constraints, and political resistance. The study outlines pathways forward, emphasizing inclusive, user-centred digital design, investment in technical and cybersecurity skills, robust data and ethical safeguards, and the integration of ICTs into broader anti-corruption strategies. It calls on education authorities to strengthen enabling legal frameworks, expand access to education data, support sustainable financing, and foster partnerships, offering evidence-based insights into how digital innovation can contribute to more transparent and accountable education systems.