Data-driven integration of non-destructive envelope diagnostics into HBIM for energy-aware digital models of historic buildings

Historic buildings are affected by significant uncertainties in envelope characterization, and conservation constraints limit invasive investigation, reducing the reliability of energy performance assessments. This study proposes a methodology for integrating non-destructive envelope diagnostics into Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM) environments, combining infrared thermography and in-situ thermal transmittance measurements. Diagnostic data are semantically linked to HBIM elements, enabling comparisons between assumed and measured thermal properties and supporting more reliable energy evaluations and energy-oriented digital twins of historic buildings.