The Rise of the Athenian Empire: Hegemony and Inclusivity

A critical reassessment of the Athenian 'empire' in the period ca. 478-431 as a form of hegemonic alliance that combined Athens’ strategic, political, and economic interests with the opportunities and benefits afforded to its allies. The evidence suggests that, until the Peloponnesian War, the Athenian alliance - although undoubtedly a useful instrument of power for the hegemon - remained a plural and relatively inclusive organisation, particularly for the vast number of small allied communities.