Isolation process for mitochondrial transplantation

Mitochondrial transplantation is an innovative therapeutic approach for the treatment of mitochondrial dysfunction associated with a variety of metabolic, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. In this procedure, healthy mitochondria are isolated and transferred into damaged or dysfunctional cells to restore normal cellular bioenergetics. Recent advances have shown the feasibility of mitochondrial transplantation in preclinical and clinical settings, demonstrating its potential to improve outcomes in conditions such as myocardial infarction, neurodegenerative disorders, and acute kidney injury. In this contest, the isolation method for mitochondrial transplantation is crucial. High quality, pure mitochondria are essential to ensure that the transplanted organelles function correctly and integrate well into the recipient cells. In addition, efficient isolation techniques are required to obtain a sufficient number of mitochondria for transplantation. Low yield methods may not provide enough mitochondria for effective treatment. Several isolation techniques are currently used, including differential centrifugation, density gradient centrifugation and fractionated mitochondrial magnetic separation. Each method has its own advantages and limitations, and the choice of method often depends on the specific requirements of the application, such as the type of cells targeted and the disease to be treated. A key factor to consider when choosing the isolation method is the isolation time. Rapid isolation methods are preferred for the isolation of mitochondria from tissue biopsies. This review summarizes the current state of research on mitochondrial transplantation, highlights the main methods for isolating mitochondria and discusses their potential clinical applications in the field of regenerative medicine.