effective judicial protection for financial disputes and specialized fora in the making: online justice

This chapter examines the principle of effective judicial protection in the context of cross-border financial disputes, with a particular focus on the impact of digitalization and the rise of online justice mechanisms. It explores how traditional legal frameworks are adapting to the complexities of financial transactions spanning multiple jurisdictions, analyzing key case law, regulatory developments, and procedural innovations. Special attention is given to the challenges of enforcing judicial decisions across borders and the role of technology in enhancing access to justice. The chapter ultimately assesses whether existing legal remedies provide sufficient protection for financial actors in an increasingly digital and interconnected financial landscape.