regulation of crypto-assets and evolving crypto litigation in the European Union and in the United States

This chapter explores the evolving landscape of effective judicial protection in cross-border financial disputes, with a particular focus on the challenges posed by the regulation of cryptoassets. It examines the intersection between traditional legal principles and the unique characteristics of digital financial instruments, analyzing the adequacy of existing judicial mechanisms in ensuring fair and efficient dispute resolution. The discussion highlights key case law, regulatory developments, and the role of international cooperation in addressing jurisdictional and enforcement complexities. Ultimately, the chapter assesses whether current legal frameworks provide sufficient protection to investors and financial actors in an increasingly digitalized financial environment.