Decentralisation, Pluralism, Indigenous Communities and Popular Power in Latin America between Unitary States and Federal States

In Latin American subcontinent, not only the federal State has distanced itself from the North American archetype, but also the unitary State has distanced itself from the Franco-Napoleonic model. In this context, the rigid separation between unitary State and federal State, which characterized the legal doctrine of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, can officially be considered obsolete. This is more evident if we analyze Latin American “federalisms” between popular power in the new “socialisms” of the 21st century, decentralization, pluralism and indigenous communities-nations.