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Adele Costabile, Ivan Buttarazzi, Sofia Kolida, Sara Quercia, Jessica Baldini, Jonathan R. Swann, Patrizia Brigidi, Glenn R. Gibson
An in vivo assessment of the cholesterol-lowering efficacy of Lactobacillus plantarum ECGC 13110402 in normal to mildly hypercholesterolaemic adults
www.plosone.org
www.plosone.org
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2.2337 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(high)Tj
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(survivability)Tj
5.1307 0 Td
(on)Tj
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(freeze)Tj
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(drying.)Tj
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(aim)Tj
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(of)Tj
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(this)Tj
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(human)Tj
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(volunteer)Tj
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(study)Tj
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(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(establish)Tj
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(tolerance,)Tj
4.1216 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(the)Tj
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(extent)Tj
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(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(cholesterol)Tj
-32.7682 -1.2983 Td
(lowering)Tj
3.7303 0 Td
(potential)Tj
3.7644 0 Td
(of)Tj
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1.0148 0 Td
[()-3()6()-4( )11()13(\n)4()6()1()4()4()12(\r)-4()]TJ
5.2951 0 Td
[()10()4()16()22( )11()16()-9(\r)12()]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
4.3937 0 Td
(ECGC)Tj
2.8346 0 Td
(13110402)Tj
4.0252 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(49,)Tj
1.3947 0 Td
(healthy,)Tj
3.3562 0 Td
(normal)Tj
3.1464 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(mildly)Tj
-35.0189 -1.3039 Td
(hypercholesterolaemic)Tj
9.2182 0 Td
(adults)Tj
2.6135 0 Td
(\(3065)Tj
2.982 0 Td
(years)Tj
2.262 0 Td
(old\).)Tj
2.0637 0 Td
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3.4979 0 Td
(efficacy)Tj
3.2258 0 Td
(outcomes)Tj
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(included)Tj
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(effect)Tj
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(on)Tj
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(blood)Tj
2.5114 0 Td
(lipids)Tj
2.4095 0 Td
(\(total)Tj
2.3414 0 Td
(cholesterol,)Tj
4.7791 0 Td
(TC;)Tj
1.7235 0 Td
(low)Tj
1.6554 0 Td
(density)Tj
3.1011 0 Td
(lipoproteins,)Tj
5.2781 0 Td
(LDL-C;)Tj
3.2711 0 Td
(high)Tj
2.007 0 Td
(density)Tj
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(lipoproteins,)Tj
-32.1786 -1.2982 Td
(HDL-C;)Tj
3.4979 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(triacylgycerides,)Tj
6.6557 0 Td
(TAG\))Tj
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5.7089 0 Td
(biomarkers)Tj
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(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(occurrence/)Tj
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(severity)Tj
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1.0148 0 Td
(gas-)Tj
-35.96 -1.2983 Td
(trointestinal)Tj
5.0853 0 Td
(side)Tj
1.8028 0 Td
(effects)Tj
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(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(establish)Tj
3.651 0 Td
(safety)Tj
2.4774 0 Td
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1.7292 0 Td
(tolerance)Tj
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(of)Tj
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(the)Tj
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(included)Tj
3.7077 0 Td
(blood)Tj
2.5172 0 Td
(pressure,)Tj
3.804 0 Td
(immune)Tj
3.6227 0 Td
(biomarkers,)Tj
5.0059 0 Td
(gut)Tj
1.5081 0 Td
(microbiota)Tj
4.6261 0 Td
(characterisation)Tj
6.6103 0 Td
(and)Tj
-34.1572 -1.2983 Td
(metabonome)Tj
5.5048 0 Td
(changes.)Tj
3.6283 0 Td
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1.7858 0 Td
(12-week)Tj
3.549 0 Td
(intervention)Tj
5.176 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(conducted)Tj
4.4277 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(parallel,)Tj
3.3619 0 Td
(double)Tj
2.9593 0 Td
(blind,)Tj
-33.783 -1.2983 Td
(placebo)Tj
3.2768 0 Td
(controlled,)Tj
4.5467 0 Td
(randomised)Tj
5.006 0 Td
(design)Tj
2.8119 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(concluded)Tj
4.3767 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(four-week)Tj
4.2917 0 Td
(washout)Tj
3.5602 0 Td
(period.)Tj
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Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 416.9763 cm
BT
/F3 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
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(Materials)Tj
4.5071 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.989 0 Td
(methods)Tj
/F0 1 Tf
-6.4961 -1.4976 Td
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4.2803 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.8614 0 Td
(characteristics)Tj
6.5434 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0441 0 Td
(study)Tj
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ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 381.9968 cm
BT
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1 TL
-0.004 Tc
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1.7744 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3811 0 Td
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1.6895 0 Td
(registered)Tj
4.1442 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0034 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6463 0 Td
(clinical)Tj
3.0671 0 Td
(trial)Tj
1.8312 0 Td
(\(clinical)Tj
3.4072 0 Td
(trials.gov)Tj
3.8381 0 Td
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1.5137 0 Td
(NCT03263104\))Tj
6.3665 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7235 0 Td
(conducted)Tj
-33.3862 -1.2982 Td
(according)Tj
4.1839 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
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4.9096 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(Helsinki)Tj
3.5943 0 Td
(following)Tj
3.9798 0 Td
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2.4775 0 Td
(Clinical)Tj
3.3165 0 Td
(Practice)Tj
3.4185 0 Td
(\(GCP\).)Tj
3.0614 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7859 0 Td
(study)Tj
-34.2423 -1.3039 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(carried)Tj
3.0387 0 Td
(out)Tj
1.5534 0 Td
(according)Tj
4.1895 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(Helsinki)Tj
3.6 0 Td
(declaration)Tj
4.6998 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(approved)Tj
3.9741 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1793 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(University)Tj
4.405 0 Td
(of)Tj
-35.7276 -1.2983 Td
(Reading)Tj
3.5035 0 Td
(Research)Tj
3.8098 0 Td
(Ethics)Tj
2.6645 0 Td
(Committee)Tj
4.7395 0 Td
(\(UREC)Tj
3.1521 0 Td
(15/06)Tj
2.4548 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(28.01.2015\).)Tj
5.04 0 Td
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3.3902 0 Td
(informed)Tj
3.9741 0 Td
(consent)Tj
-34.0041 -1.2983 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(obtained)Tj
3.736 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(all)Tj
1.1452 0 Td
(subjects)Tj
3.3789 0 Td
(prior)Tj
2.2564 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(commencement)Tj
6.6954 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(selection.)Tj
3.9458 0 Td
(Inclusion)Tj
3.9911 0 Td
(criteria)Tj
3.0728 0 Td
(were:)Tj
-34.1629 -1.2982 Td
(males)Tj
2.5058 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(females)Tj
3.2145 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(18)Tj
1.1735 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(50)Tj
1.1735 0 Td
(years)Tj
2.2621 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(age;)Tj
1.7688 0 Td
(BMI)Tj
2.0352 0 Td
(18.5)Tj
1.8709 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(29.9)Tj
1.8709 0 Td
(kg/m)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 469.8708 321.4488 cm
BT
/F9 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(2)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 473.3858 317.0267 cm
BT
/F9 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(;)Tj
0.4478 0 Td
(total)Tj
2.0013 0 Td
(cholesterol)Tj
4.558 0 Td
(\(TC\))Tj
-34.3442 -1.3039 Td
(between)Tj
3.5263 0 Td
(200)Tj
1.6497 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(300)Tj
1.644 0 Td
(mg/dl)Tj
2.6079 0 Td
(\(5.16)Tj
2.2167 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(7.64)Tj
1.8709 0 Td
(mmol/L\).)Tj
4.0478 0 Td
(General)Tj
3.3789 0 Td
(health)Tj
2.6815 0 Td
(status)Tj
2.5001 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(assessed)Tj
3.4752 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3868 0 Td
(a)Tj
-37.1392 -1.2982 Td
(pre-study)Tj
4.0535 0 Td
(medical)Tj
3.3619 0 Td
(questionnaire)Tj
5.7033 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(putative)Tj
3.4412 0 Td
(volunteers)Tj
4.3824 0 Td
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(excluded)Tj
3.7869 0 Td
(if)Tj
0.7767 0 Td
(they)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(fulfilled)Tj
3.2825 0 Td
(any)Tj
1.6554 0 Td
(of)Tj
-36.2151 -1.2983 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(following:)Tj
4.2066 0 Td
(suffering)Tj
3.7587 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2054 0 Td
(chronic)Tj
3.2881 0 Td
(gastrointestinal)Tj
6.3496 0 Td
(complaints)Tj
4.6431 0 Td
(\(including)Tj
4.3823 0 Td
(chronic)Tj
3.2881 0 Td
(constipa-)Tj
-33.5902 -1.3039 Td
(tion,)Tj
2.0636 0 Td
(diarrhoea)Tj
4.0875 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0942 0 Td
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3.4809 0 Td
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2.6589 0 Td
(Syndrome\),)Tj
4.9153 0 Td
(diabetes)Tj
3.4639 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0941 0 Td
(anaemia;)Tj
3.8098 0 Td
(requirement)Tj
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(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
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1.8709 0 Td
(long-)Tj
-34.7638 -1.2983 Td
(term)Tj
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(medications)Tj
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(on)Tj
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(the)Tj
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6.3496 0 Td
(tract,)Tj
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(treatment)Tj
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1.0148 0 Td
(cardio-vascular)Tj
6.3551 0 Td
(disease,)Tj
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(or)Tj
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(any)Tj
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(other)Tj
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(medication;)Tj
4.9606 0 Td
(high)Tj
2.007 0 Td
(blood)Tj
2.5171 0 Td
(cholesterol)Tj
4.5524 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0998 0 Td
(use)Tj
1.5307 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(cholesterol)Tj
4.558 0 Td
(lowering)Tj
3.7304 0 Td
(drugs/)Tj
-34.2252 -1.304 Td
(functional)Tj
4.3086 0 Td
(foods;)Tj
2.6362 0 Td
(history)Tj
3.0047 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(drug)Tj
2.1147 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0941 0 Td
(alcohol)Tj
3.1125 0 Td
(misuse)Tj
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(or)Tj
1.0998 0 Td
(alcohol)Tj
3.1068 0 Td
(consumption)Tj
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(exceeding)Tj
4.1839 0 Td
(14)Tj
1.1735 0 Td
(and)Tj
-35.3817 -1.2982 Td
(21)Tj
1.1679 0 Td
(units/week)Tj
4.5807 0 Td
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1.389 0 Td
(females)Tj
3.2145 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(males)Tj
2.5058 0 Td
(respectively;)Tj
5.108 0 Td
(those)Tj
2.3414 0 Td
(suffering)Tj
3.7587 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9955 0 Td
(any)Tj
1.6611 0 Td
(allergies)Tj
3.4526 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(medica-)Tj
-33.9304 -1.2983 Td
(tion)Tj
1.8425 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0942 0 Td
(food;)Tj
2.2733 0 Td
(smokers,)Tj
3.7871 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(those)Tj
2.3414 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(weight)Tj
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(reducing)Tj
3.7757 0 Td
(diets.)Tj
2.3187 0 Td
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3.4583 0 Td
(who)Tj
1.9387 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(either)Tj
2.5342 0 Td
(planning)Tj
-33.3748 -1.3039 Td
(pregnancy)Tj
4.405 0 Td
(within)Tj
2.812 0 Td
(six)Tj
1.3152 0 Td
(months)Tj
3.2825 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2054 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(start)Tj
1.9842 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(study,)Tj
2.6135 0 Td
(lactating,)Tj
3.8608 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0997 0 Td
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1.7121 0 Td
(given)Tj
2.3754 0 Td
(birth)Tj
2.194 0 Td
(within)Tj
-33.8113 -1.2983 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(preceding)Tj
4.1896 0 Td
(six)Tj
1.3096 0 Td
(months)Tj
3.2825 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(also)Tj
1.7688 0 Td
(excluded.)Tj
4.0082 0 Td
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3.8324 0 Td
(timed)Tj
2.5568 0 Td
(exclusion)Tj
3.9911 0 Td
(criteria)Tj
3.0727 0 Td
(included)Tj
3.7134 0 Td
(use)Tj
-35.3194 -1.2982 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(antibiotics)Tj
4.3993 0 Td
(within)Tj
2.812 0 Td
(six)Tj
1.3096 0 Td
(months)Tj
3.2825 0 Td
(preceding)Tj
4.1896 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(study,)Tj
2.6192 0 Td
(participation)Tj
5.3688 0 Td
(in)Tj
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(any)Tj
1.6554 0 Td
(probiotic,)Tj
4.1102 0 Td
(prebiotic)Tj
-33.2671 -1.2983 Td
(or)Tj
1.0942 0 Td
(laxative)Tj
3.2484 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3868 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0998 0 Td
(intake)Tj
2.6873 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2018 0 Td
(experimental)Tj
5.4595 0 Td
(drug)Tj
2.109 0 Td
(four)Tj
1.9162 0 Td
(weeks)Tj
2.6079 0 Td
(prior)Tj
2.2563 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0204 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3868 0 Td
(start.)Tj
2.211 0 Td
(A)Tj
0.9014 0 Td
(total)Tj
-35.0756 -1.3039 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(70)Tj
1.1679 0 Td
(potential)Tj
3.7643 0 Td
(healthy)Tj
3.1295 0 Td
(volunteers)Tj
4.3823 0 Td
(\(aged)Tj
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(from)Tj
2.2054 0 Td
(18)Tj
1.1735 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(50)Tj
1.1678 0 Td
(years\))Tj
2.6079 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(contacted)Tj
4.1044 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2054 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(Univer-)Tj
-33.9474 -1.2983 Td
(sity)Tj
1.5931 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(Reading)Tj
3.5036 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7234 0 Td
(surrounding)Tj
5.2384 0 Td
(area)Tj
1.8765 0 Td
(through)Tj
3.4413 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(Hugh)Tj
2.5001 0 Td
(Sinclair)Tj
3.2485 0 Td
(Unit)Tj
2.0692 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0091 0 Td
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3.3109 0 Td
(Nutrition)Tj
4.0365 0 Td
(vol-)Tj
-36.0337 -1.2982 Td
(unteer)Tj
2.812 0 Td
(database,)Tj
3.8664 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(through)Tj
3.4469 0 Td
(advertisements)Tj
6.2305 0 Td
(within)Tj
2.812 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(local)Tj
2.0806 0 Td
(community)Tj
4.8812 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.5319 0 Td
(January)Tj
-32.8589 -1.304 Td
(2015)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(February)Tj
3.8381 0 Td
(2015.)Tj
2.3471 0 Td
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1.2586 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(first)Tj
1.8028 0 Td
(68)Tj
1.1736 0 Td
(responded,)Tj
4.6544 0 Td
(60)Tj
1.1679 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1259 0 Td
(screened)Tj
3.719 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(we)Tj
1.3266 0 Td
(recruited)Tj
3.8551 0 Td
(49)Tj
1.1678 0 Td
(vol-)Tj
-35.4894 -1.2982 Td
(unteers;)Tj
3.3959 0 Td
(46)Tj
1.1735 0 Td
(participants)Tj
4.9549 0 Td
(completed)Tj
4.4107 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
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1.9956 0 Td
(3)Tj
0.6973 0 Td
(dropout)Tj
3.4752 0 Td
(due)Tj
1.6952 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(personal)Tj
3.6282 0 Td
(circumstances)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
576 737.1 m
36 737.1 l
36 737.6 l
576 737.6 l
f*
36 741.2598 107.1496 23.6976 re
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