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                <title>Fragment of an honorary inscription?</title>
                <editor ref="#JP">Jonathan Prag</editor>
                <principal ref="#JP">Jonathan Prag</principal>
                <funder>John Fell OUP Research Fund</funder>
                <funder>
                    <ref target="https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/885040">ERC Advanced Grant no.885040</ref>
                </funder>
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                    <name xml:id="JP" ref="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3819-8537">Jonathan Prag</name>
                    <resp>original data collection and editing</resp>
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                    <name xml:id="martaf" ref="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5187-5163">Marta Fogagnolo</name>
                    <resp>editing, translation and commentary</resp>
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                <respStmt>
                    <name xml:id="JCu" ref="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6686-3728">James Cummings</name>
                    <resp>conversion to EpiDoc</resp>
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                <respStmt>
                    <name xml:id="JCh" ref="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6823-0265">James Chartrand</name>
                    <resp>site construction and encoding</resp>
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                <respStmt>
                    <name xml:id="VV" ref="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9695-0240">Valeria Vitale</name>
                    <resp>editing of geo data</resp>
                </respStmt>
                <respStmt>
                    <name xml:id="MM">Michael Metcalfe</name>
                    <resp>museum data collection</resp>
                </respStmt>
                <respStmt>
                    <name xml:id="AA" ref="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7077-0703">Alex Antoniou</name>
                    <resp>EpiDoc editing</resp>
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                <respStmt>
                    <name xml:id="SS" ref="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3914-9569">Simona Stoyanova</name>
                    <resp>standardisation of template and tidying up encoding</resp>
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                    <name xml:id="system">system</name>
                    <resp>automated or batch processes</resp>
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                <authority>I.Sicily</authority>
                <idno type="filename">ISic003208</idno>
                <idno type="TM">645531</idno>
                <idno type="EDR"/>
                <idno type="EDH"/>
                <idno type="EDCS"/>
                <idno type="PHI">316202</idno>
                <idno type="URI">http://sicily.classics.ox.ac.uk/inscription/ISic003208</idno>
                <idno type="DOI" when="2020-12-18">10.5281/zenodo.4357238</idno>
                <availability>
                    <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Licensed under a Creative Commons-Attribution 4.0 licence.</licence>
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            <sourceDesc>
                <msDesc>
                    <msIdentifier>
                        <country>Italy</country>
                        <region>Sicily</region>
                        <settlement>Catania</settlement>
                        <repository role="museum" ref="http://sicily.classics.ox.ac.uk/museum/018">Museo Civico di Catania</repository>
                        <!--No inventory number found-->
                        <!--Adding location for old id numbers if available-->
                        <altIdentifier>
                            <settlement/>
                            <repository/>
                            <idno type="old"/>
                        </altIdentifier>
                    </msIdentifier>
                    <msContents>
                        <textLang mainLang="grc">Ancient Greek</textLang>
                    </msContents>
                    <physDesc>
                        <objectDesc>
                            <supportDesc>
                                <support>
                                    <p>Fragment of a marble plaque, broken on all sides, smooth on the reverse.</p>
                                    <material ana="#material.stone.marble" ref="http://www.eagle-network.eu/voc/material/lod/48.html">marble</material>
                                    <objectType ana="#object.plaque" ref="http://www.eagle-network.eu/voc/objtyp/lod/259">plaque</objectType>
                                    <dimensions><!--Korhonen-->
                                        <height unit="cm">10</height>
                                        <width unit="cm">10</width>
                                        <depth unit="cm">2</depth>
                                    </dimensions>
                                </support>
                                <condition ana="#condition.fragment"/>
                            </supportDesc>
                            <layoutDesc>
                                <layout>
                                    <rs ana="#execution.chiselled" ref="http://www.eagle-network.eu/voc/writing/lod/1">chiselled</rs>
                                    <damage/>
                                </layout>
                            </layoutDesc>
                        </objectDesc>
                        <handDesc>
                            <handNote>
                                <p>Relatively tall letters with modest serfis/terminations to the strokes. Rho is open; Sigma is four-bar, with very shallow middle strokes; Mu has all four strokes oblique, with the middle strokes only half-height.</p><!--measurements from Korhonen-->
                                <locus from="line1" to="line2">Lines 1-2</locus>
                                <dimensions type="letterHeight">
                                    <height unit="mm">25-28</height>
                                </dimensions>
                                <locus from="line1" to="line2">Interlineation line 1 to 2</locus>
                                <dimensions type="interlinear">
                                    <height unit="mm">not recorded</height>
                                </dimensions>
                            </handNote>
                        </handDesc>
                    </physDesc>
                    <history>
                        <origin>
                            <origPlace>
                                <placeName type="ancient" ref="http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/462270">Catina</placeName>
                                <placeName type="modern" ref="http://sws.geonames.org/2525068">Catania</placeName>
                                <geo>37.49223, 15.07041</geo>
                            </origPlace>
                            <origDate datingMethod="#julian" notBefore-custom="0001" notAfter-custom="0200" precision="low">1st — 2nd century CE</origDate>
                        </origin>
                        <provenance type="found">Original discovery not recorded, but probably from Catania.</provenance>
                        <provenance type="observed">Observed by Korhonen in Magazzino superiore, Museo Civico, and photographed there by Prag 2016-05-13.</provenance>
                        <provenance type="observed" subtype="autopsied">None</provenance>
                        <acquisition/>
                    </history>
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            <p>Encoded following the latest EpiDoc guidelines</p>
            <p>Taxonomies for ISicily controlled values</p>
            <p>ISicily glyphs authority list</p>
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            <calendarDesc>
                <calendar xml:id="julian">
                    <p>Julian Calendar</p>
                </calendar>
            </calendarDesc>
            <langUsage>
                <language ident="en">English</language>
                <language ident="it">Italian</language>
                <language ident="grc">Ancient Greek</language>
                <language ident="la">Latin</language>
                <language ident="he">Hebrew</language>
                <language ident="phn">Phoenician</language>
                <language ident="xpu">Punic</language>
                <language ident="osc">Oscan</language>
                <language ident="xly">Elymian</language>
                <language ident="scx">Sikel</language>
                <language ident="sxc">Sikan</language>
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            <textClass>
                <keywords scheme="http://www.eagle-network.eu/voc/typeins.html">
                    <term ana="#function.honorific #function.decree" ref="http://www.eagle-network.eu/voc/typeins/lod/69.html">honorific; decree</term>
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        <revisionDesc status="draft">
            <listChange>
                <change when="2016-12-03" who="#JCu">James Cummings autogenerated EpiDoc output from database</change>
                <change when="2019-07-24" who="#AA">Alex Antoniou Epidoc editing</change>
                <change when="2020-10-05" who="#SS">Simona Stoyanova normalised Unicode</change>
                <change when="2020-10-08" who="#SS">Simona Stoyanova updated list of languages</change>
                <change when="2020-11-26" who="#SS">Simona Stoyanova restructured bibliography</change>
                <change when="2020-12-18" who="#system">Updated Zenodo DOI</change>
                <change when="2021-01-19" who="#SS">renumbered files, uris and references</change>
                <change when="2022-12-22" who="#martaf">Marta Fogagnolo revised the text encoding, added dimensions, translations and commentary</change>
                <change when="2023-01-04" who="#JP">Jonathan Prag revised draft edition from photograph</change>
                <change when="2024-06-04" who="#JP">Jonathan Prag added images</change>
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                <desc>I.Sicily with the permission of the Assessorato Regionale dei Beni Culturali e dell’Identità Siciliana - Dipartimento dei Beni Culturali e dell’Identità Siciliana; photo J. Prag 2016-05-13.</desc>
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                <desc>I.Sicily with the permission of the Assessorato Regionale dei Beni Culturali e dell’Identità Siciliana - Dipartimento dei Beni Culturali e dell’Identità Siciliana; photo J. Prag 2016-05-13.</desc>
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                <desc>I.Sicily with the permission of the Assessorato Regionale dei Beni Culturali e dell’Identità Siciliana - Dipartimento dei Beni Culturali e dell’Identità Siciliana; photo J. Prag 2016-05-13.</desc>
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                <desc>I.Sicily with the permission of the Assessorato Regionale dei Beni Culturali e dell’Identità Siciliana - Dipartimento dei Beni Culturali e dell’Identità Siciliana; photo J. Prag 2016-05-13.</desc>
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    <text>
        <body>
            <div type="edition" xml:space="preserve" xml:lang="grc" resp="#martaf #JP">
                <ab>
                    <lb n="1"/>
                    <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
                    <gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/>ΙΑ <g ref="#interpunct">·</g> Ι <g ref="#interpunct">·</g> ΡΗ<gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
                    <lb n="2"/>
                    <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
                    <supplied reason="lost">ψηφί</supplied>σμα π<unclear>α</unclear>
                    <supplied reason="lost" cert="low">ρὰ</supplied>
                    <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
                </ab>
            </div>
            <div type="apparatus" resp="#martaf #JP">
                <listApp>
                    <app>
                        <note>Text based on photograph and on Korhonen's edition</note>
                    </app>
                    <app loc="line 1">
                        <note>A Α, Δ, Λ or Μ is possible before ΙΑ, after ΡΗ there could be a space or a Θ, Ο, Τ, Υ, Φ or Ψ</note>
                    </app>
                    <app loc="line 2">
                        <note>Korhonen: [---ψηφί]σματι [βουλῆς(?) ---]</note>
                    </app>
                </listApp>
            </div>
            <div type="translation" xml:lang="en" resp="#martaf">
                <p/>
            </div>
            <div type="translation" xml:lang="it" resp="#martaf">
                <p/>
            </div>
            <div type="commentary" resp="#martaf">
                <p>Korhonen's reading in line 2 of <foreign xml:lang="grc">ΣΜΑΤΙ</foreign> is clearly contradicted by the stone, where Π followed by an oblique stroke (beginning lower left) is clearly visible. However, the essential reading of the word ψήφισμα remains the most plausible from the combination of letters, with the prepositions παρὰ and πρὸς the most common words to follow (the former obviously compatible with the following trace of alpha, lambda or mu on the stone). As such, the text is an important instance of an apparently public document from the early imperial period in Greek. It remains unclear what the significance of the interpuncts in line 1 may be (most commonly highlighting a numeral in such a use), but these do seem to be clear on the stone.</p>
                <p>According to Korhonen, this is an inscription that must have accompanied a statue built by resolution of the council: on this view, it is likely that the preceding line contained not a numeral (the interpuncts isolating Ι could be ornamental), but a personal name (<foreign xml:lang="grc">---]ία Ἰρή[νη</foreign>) of the woman to whom the statue was dedicated, like the statue for Grattia Paulla erected in Catania <foreign xml:lang="la">d(ecurionum) d(ecreto)</foreign> around the 1st cent. CE (Manganaro 1989, 172 nr. 43 = <ref target="http://sicily.classics.ox.ac.uk/inscription/ISic000710">ISic000710</ref>). There are no parallels of Greek inscriptions from Catania that record the council’s resolutions.</p>
            </div>
            <div type="bibliography">
                <listBibl type="edition">
                    <bibl type="bulletin" n="SEG">
                        <citedRange>54.0896</citedRange>
                        <ptr target="http://zotero.org/groups/382445/items/F2GG87EQ"/>
                        <ref target="https://biblio.inscriptiones.org/epig10000796">https://biblio.inscriptiones.org/epig10000796</ref>
                    </bibl>
                    <bibl type="corpus" n="IMusCatania">
                        <citedRange>43</citedRange>
                        <ptr target="https://www.zotero.org/groups/382445/items/2EUC82DH"/>
                        <ref target="https://biblio.inscriptiones.org/epig10000028">https://biblio.inscriptiones.org/epig10000028</ref>
                    </bibl>
                    <bibl>
                        <author>Korhonen</author>
                        <date>2004</date>
                        <citedRange>240</citedRange>
                        <ptr target="https://www.zotero.org/groups/382445/items/NMS48IZF"/>
                        <ref target="https://biblio.inscriptiones.org/epig10001897">https://biblio.inscriptiones.org/epig10001897</ref>
                    </bibl>
                </listBibl>
                <listBibl type="discussion">
                    <bibl/>
                </listBibl>
            </div>
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