Funerary inscription for Leontia and Kalliope Jonathan Prag Jonathan Prag John Fell OUP Research Fund ERC Advanced Grant no.885040 Jonathan Prag original data collection and editing Marta Fogagnolo editing, translation and commentary James Cummings conversion to EpiDoc James Chartrand site construction and encoding Valeria Vitale editing of geo data Michael Metcalfe museum data collection Serena Agodi Italian translation Simona Stoyanova standardisation of template and tidying up encoding system automated or batch processes I.Sicily ISic001362 491452 38000201 140866 316312 http://sicily.classics.ox.ac.uk/inscription/ISic001362 10.5281/zenodo.4353547 Licensed under a Creative Commons-Attribution 4.0 licence. Italy Sicily Catania Museo Civico di Catania 541 Ancient Greek

Triangular marble plaque. In the lower corners are two menorah and a conic figure, perhaps an ethrog.

marble plaque 19.5 29.5 2 chiselled Letters with serifs: Α, Δ, Λ with extended serifs, Α with broken bar, lunate Ε, cursive Ω. The supraline indicates the abbreviation of ν. In the lower corner of the stone are two menorah and a conical figure, perhaps an ethrog (a type of citron, used in the festival of Sukkot) or an amphora. According to Ferrare, the symbol can represent a shofar (a small ram's-horn trumpet). Kaibel did not understand this symbol, interpreting it as part of a Υ.

Lines 1-9 11-21 Interlineation line 1 to 2 not recorded Catina Catania 37.49223, 15.07041 Probably 4th century CE. Original discovery not recorded; probably from Catania (according to Ferrara and Noy), but possibly from the Monteverde catacomb in Rome (according to Ferrua and Korhonen). Observed by Torremuzza and Kaibel in Museo Biscari, later by Korhonen in magazzino superiore, collezione Biscari (formerly sala VII, 85) Display, Voci di pietra no.35

Encoded following the latest EpiDoc guidelines

Taxonomies for ISicily controlled values

ISicily glyphs authority list

Julian Calendar

 English Italian Ancient Greek Latin Hebrew Phoenician Punic Oscan Elymian Sikel Sikan funerary James Cummings autogenerated EpiDoc output from database Jonathan Prag made initial revision of the EpiDoc, added translation Jonathan Prag revised the text division, added Italian translation and commentary Jonathan Prag added Italian elements and further revised the file Simona Stoyanova normalised Unicode Simona Stoyanova updated list of languages Simona Stoyanova added EDCS numbers Simona Stoyanova restructured bibliography Updated Zenodo DOI renumbered files, uris and references Marta Fogagnolo revised the text encoding and commentary I.Sicily with the permission of the Assessorato Regionale dei Beni Culturali e dell’Identità Siciliana - Dipartimento dei Beni Culturali e dell’Identità Siciliana; Photograph of front face by students of Liceo M.M. Lazzaro, 2017-04-27 I.Sicily with the permission of the Assessorato Regionale dei Beni Culturali e dell’Identità Siciliana - Dipartimento dei Beni Culturali e dell’Identità Siciliana; Photograph of front face by students of Liceo M.M. Lazzaro, 2017-04-27
ἐνθάδε κῖτε Λεοντία ἐτῶ ν γ ἐνθάδε κῖτε Καλλιόπη ἐτῶ ν 🕎 ιη 🕎
Text based on photographs Torremuzza and Franz observed only the first epitaph, without the indication of the age The second menorah is followed by an ethrog (or a shofar according to Ferrara)

Here lies Leontia, aged 3. Here lies Kalliope, aged 18.

Qui giace Leontia di anni 3. Qui giace Calliope di anni 18.

These two Jewish epitaphs may not come from Catania: in describing the Biscari collection, Ferrara gives an imprecise indication of the provenance of this inscription and the structure ἔνθαδε κεῖται ὁ δεῖνα ἐτῶν is rather typical of the inscriptions from the Monteverde catacombs and not attested elsewhere in Catania. On the provenance, see the discussion in Korhonen 2001: 90-93. In any case, a Jewish community is well attested in Catania, as IMusCatania 228 = ISic000781 of the 4th cent. CE confirms. The two girls were probably related (perhaps sisters). Both names are attested in the Jewish environment: both Leontia, probably a Jewish translation of Judith attested in CIJ 369 (Rome), and Kalliope, attested in BS II 136, 137, 200 (Beth She’arim, see also the Christian inscriptions of Syracuse IGCVO 948, 1321), however, are also popular among non-Jews (on both names, see Rutgers 1997: 249-250).

Torremuzza 1769 174 no.71 https://biblio.inscriptiones.org/epig10002084 Torremuzza 1784 185 no.73 https://biblio.inscriptiones.org/epig10002083 Ferrara 1829 351 no.2 https://biblio.inscriptiones.org/epig10002005 14.0536 https://biblio.inscriptiones.org/epig10001072 51.1199 https://biblio.inscriptiones.org/epig10000796 46.1243 https://biblio.inscriptiones.org/epig10000796 364 https://biblio.inscriptiones.org/epig10000028 4.9494 https://biblio.inscriptiones.org/epig10001252 1(2).650 https://biblio.inscriptiones.org/epig10001385 1993 no.146 https://biblio.inscriptiones.org/epig10000166 Ferrua 1938 72 no.2 https://biblio.inscriptiones.org/epig10002004 Wilson 1990 310-311 fig.264b https://biblio.inscriptiones.org/epig10001509 Gebbia 1996 68 https://biblio.inscriptiones.org/epig10002240 Korhonen 2001 90-93 https://biblio.inscriptiones.org/epig10001425 Rutgers 1997 248 no.29, 249-250 https://biblio.inscriptiones.org/epig10001614