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                <title>Fragment of an Epitaph</title>
                <editor ref="#JP">Jonathan Prag</editor>
                <principal ref="#JP">Jonathan Prag</principal>
                <funder>John Fell OUP Research Fund</funder>
                <funder>
                    <ref target="https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/885040">ERC Advanced Grant no.885040</ref>
                </funder>
                <respStmt>
                    <name xml:id="JP" ref="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3819-8537">Jonathan Prag</name>
                    <resp>original data collection and editing</resp>
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                <respStmt>
                    <name xml:id="martaf" ref="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5187-5163">Marta Fogagnolo</name>
                    <resp>editing, translation and commentary</resp>
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                <respStmt>
                    <name xml:id="JCu" ref="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6686-3728">James Cummings</name>
                    <resp>conversion to EpiDoc</resp>
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                <respStmt>
                    <name xml:id="JCh" ref="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6823-0265">James Chartrand</name>
                    <resp>site construction and encoding</resp>
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                <respStmt>
                    <name xml:id="VV" ref="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9695-0240">Valeria Vitale</name>
                    <resp>editing of geo data</resp>
                </respStmt>
                <respStmt>
                    <name xml:id="MM">Michael Metcalfe</name>
                    <resp>museum data collection</resp>
                </respStmt>
                <respStmt>
                    <name xml:id="AA" ref="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7077-0703">Alex Antoniou</name>
                    <resp>EpiDoc editing</resp>
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                <respStmt>
                    <name xml:id="SS" ref="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3914-9569">Simona Stoyanova</name>
                    <resp>standardisation of template and tidying up encoding</resp>
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                <respStmt>
                    <name xml:id="system">system</name>
                    <resp>automated or batch processes</resp>
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            <publicationStmt>
                <authority>I.Sicily</authority>
                <idno type="filename">ISic003289</idno>
                <idno type="TM">645556</idno>
                <idno type="EDR"/>
                <idno type="EDH"/>
                <idno type="EDCS"/>
                <idno type="PHI">316272</idno>
                <idno type="URI">http://sicily.classics.ox.ac.uk/inscription/ISic003289</idno>
                <idno type="DOI" when="2020-12-18">10.5281/zenodo.4358063</idno>
                <availability>
                    <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Licensed under a Creative Commons-Attribution 4.0 licence.</licence>
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            <sourceDesc>
                <msDesc>
                    <msIdentifier>
                        <country>Italy</country>
                        <region>Sicily</region>
                        <settlement>Catania</settlement>
                        <repository role="museum" ref="http://sicily.classics.ox.ac.uk/museum/018">Museo Civico di Catania</repository>
                        <idno type="inventory">644</idno>
                        <!--Adding location for old id numbers if available-->
                        <altIdentifier>
                            <settlement/>
                            <repository/>
                            <idno type="old"/>
                        </altIdentifier>
                    </msIdentifier>
                    <msContents>
                        <textLang mainLang="grc">Ancient Greek</textLang>
                    </msContents>
                    <physDesc>
                        <objectDesc>
                            <supportDesc>
                                <support>
                                    <p>Two joining fragments of marble plaque damaged on all sides.</p>
                                    <material ana="#material.stone.marble" ref="http://www.eagle-network.eu/voc/material/lod/48.html">marble</material>
                                    <objectType ana="#object.plaque" ref="http://www.eagle-network.eu/voc/objtyp/lod/257">plaque</objectType>
                                    <dimensions><!--measurements from Korhonen-->
                                        <height unit="cm">19</height>
                                        <width unit="cm">31</width>
                                        <depth unit="cm">4.3</depth>
                                    </dimensions>
                                </support>
                                <condition ana="#condition.fragments.contiguous"/>
                            </supportDesc>
                            <layoutDesc>
                                <layout>
                                    <rs ana="#execution.chiselled" ref="http://www.eagle-network.eu/voc/writing/lod/1">chiselled</rs>
                                    <damage/>
                                </layout>
                            </layoutDesc>
                        </objectDesc>
                        <handDesc>
                            <handNote>
                                <p>A with broken bar, squared E (except at l. 3 where it is lunate), lunate Σ, cursive Ω. At ll. 2 and 4, Π and Τ are crossed by slanting bars, which could indicate an abbreviation. Small H and Ο above Τ and Π at l. 4, small curved signs at the upper right of T at l. 2, T and Ν at l. 4. Small curved signs below Υ and inside Ω and Α at l. 2, which could be now decoration marks, now abbreviation marks.</p><!--measurements from Korhonen-->
                                <locus from="line1" to="line4">Lines 1-4</locus>
                                <dimensions type="letterHeight">
                                    <height unit="mm">33-37</height>
                                </dimensions>
                                <locus from="line1" to="line2">Interlineation line 1 to 2</locus>
                                <dimensions type="interlinear">
                                    <height unit="mm">not recorded</height>
                                </dimensions>
                            </handNote>
                        </handDesc>
                    </physDesc>
                    <history>
                        <origin>
                            <origPlace>
                                <placeName type="ancient" ref="http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/462270">Catina</placeName>
                                <placeName type="modern" ref="http://sws.geonames.org/2525068">Catania</placeName>
                                <geo>37.49223, 15.07041</geo>
                            </origPlace>
                            <origDate datingMethod="#julian" notBefore-custom="0501" notAfter-custom="0900" precision="low">6th — 9 century CE</origDate>
                        </origin>
                        <provenance type="found" subtype="discovered" notAfter="1766-11-21">Original discovery not recorded, but probably from Catania; Tardìa, Cod. Bibl. Comunale Palermo Qq C 17 a, f. 136r mentions the inscription as coming from Catania, communicated to him by Torremuzza 21 November 1766.</provenance>
                        <provenance type="observed">Observed by Libertini in Museo Biscari, later by Korhonen in Magazzino superiore, Collezione Biscari (formerly sala VII 288).</provenance>
                        <provenance type="observed" subtype="autopsied">None</provenance>
                        <acquisition/>
                    </history>
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        <encodingDesc>
            <p>Encoded following the latest EpiDoc guidelines</p>
            <p>Taxonomies for ISicily controlled values</p>
            <p>ISicily glyphs authority list</p>
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        <profileDesc>
            <calendarDesc>
                <calendar xml:id="julian">
                    <p>Julian Calendar</p>
                </calendar>
            </calendarDesc>
            <langUsage>
                <language ident="en">English</language>
                <language ident="it">Italian</language>
                <language ident="grc">Ancient Greek</language>
                <language ident="la">Latin</language>
                <language ident="he">Hebrew</language>
                <language ident="phn">Phoenician</language>
                <language ident="xpu">Punic</language>
                <language ident="osc">Oscan</language>
                <language ident="xly">Elymian</language>
                <language ident="scx">Sikel</language>
                <language ident="sxc">Sikan</language>
            </langUsage>
            <textClass>
                <keywords scheme="http://www.eagle-network.eu/voc/typeins.html">
                    <term ana="#function.funerary" ref="http://www.eagle-network.eu/voc/typeins/lod/92.html">funerary</term>
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        <revisionDesc status="draft">
            <listChange>
                <change when="2016-12-03" who="#JCu">James Cummings autogenerated EpiDoc output from database</change>
                <change when="2019-09-29" who="#AA">Alex Antoniou Epidoc editing</change>
                <change when="2020-10-05" who="#SS">Simona Stoyanova normalised Unicode</change>
                <change when="2020-10-08" who="#SS">Simona Stoyanova updated list of languages</change>
                <change when="2020-11-26" who="#SS">Simona Stoyanova restructured bibliography</change>
                <change when="2020-12-18" who="#system">Updated Zenodo DOI</change>
                <change when="2021-01-19" who="#SS">renumbered files, uris and references</change>
                <change when="2022-12-22" who="#martaf">Marta Fogagnolo revised the text encoding, added dimensions, translations and commentary</change>
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                <desc>I.Sicily with the permission of the Assessorato Regionale dei Beni Culturali e dell’Identità Siciliana - Dipartimento dei Beni Culturali e dell’Identità Siciliana</desc>
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                <desc>I.Sicily with the permission of the Assessorato Regionale dei Beni Culturali e dell’Identità Siciliana - Dipartimento dei Beni Culturali e dell’Identità Siciliana</desc>
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    <text>
        <body>
            <div type="edition" xml:space="preserve" xml:lang="grc" resp="#martaf #AA">
                <ab>
                    <lb n="0"/>
                    <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="line"/>
                    <lb n="1"/>
                    <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
                    <orig>ΖΙΕΙΑΔ<unclear>OMA</unclear>
                    </orig>
                    <gap reason="illegible" quantity="3" unit="character"/>
                    <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
                    <lb n="2"/>
                    <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
                    <w>
                        <expan>
                            <abbr>ἐτ</abbr>
                            <ex cert="low">ῶν</ex>
                        </expan>
                    </w>
                    <num value="40">μ</num>
                    <w>υἱὸς</w>
                    <persName type="attested">
                        <name>
                            <expan>
                                <abbr>Ἰσιδώρα</abbr>
                                <ex>ς</ex>
                            </expan>
                        </name>
                    </persName>
                    <gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/>
                    <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
                    <lb n="3"/>
                    <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
                    <w>
                        <supplied reason="lost">κατ</supplied>
                        <unclear>ε</unclear>τέθει</w>
                    <w>δὲ</w>
                    <w>καὶ</w>
                    <persName>
                        <name>
                            <w part="I">Ἰσιδω<supplied reason="lost">ρ</supplied>
                            </w>
                            <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
                        </name>
                    </persName>
                    <lb n="4"/>
                    <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
                    <unclear>Υ</unclear>Τ<hi rend="superscript">Η</hi>
                    <w>
                        <expan>
                            <abbr>τ</abbr>
                            <ex>ῶν</ex>
                        </expan>
                    </w>
                    <placeName type="ethnic">
                        <expan>
                            <abbr>Καταν</abbr>
                            <ex>ῶν</ex>
                        </expan>
                    </placeName> Π<hi rend="superscript">Ο</hi>ΖΗ<unclear>Λ</unclear>
                    <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
                    <lb n="5"/>
                    <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="line"/>
                </ab>
            </div>
            <div type="apparatus" resp="#martaf">
                <listApp>
                    <app>
                        <note>Text based on photograph</note>
                    </app>
                    <app loc="line 1">
                        <note>Korhonen: [---]ZIEIAΔΣIIΛIII[---]</note>
                    </app>
                    <app loc="line 2">
                        <note>Libertini: υἱὸς Ἰσιδώρ(ας); Korhonen ET(---) M υἱός, Ἰσιδώρα +[---]. The small curved sign at the upper right of Τ could be an abbreviation for ων (see l. 4): ἐτ(ῶν) and the small sign above the Μ could indicate the numeral</note>
                    </app>
                    <app loc="line 3">
                        <note>Libertini: ἐτέθει δὲ καὶ Ἰσιδώρα; Korhonen: [κατ]<unclear>ε</unclear>τέθει (i.e. κατετέθη) δὲ καὶ Ἰσιδώ[ρ-]</note>
                    </app>
                    <app loc="line 4">
                        <note>According to Korhonen the first letter could also be a Κ. The small curved sign above the T and the N could be an abbreviation for ων (τ(ῶν) Καταν(ῶν), i.e. τῶν Καταν(αίων), see also Korhonen)</note>
                    </app>
                </listApp>
            </div>
            <div type="translation" xml:lang="en" resp="#martaf">
                <p>… at the age of 40. The son of Isidora … were lied down and Isidor- … of the inhabitants of Catania…</p>
            </div>
            <div type="translation" xml:lang="it" resp="#martaf">
                <p>… all’età di 40 anni. Il figlio di Isidora … sono stati sepolti e Isidor- … degli abitanti di Catania…</p>
            </div>
            <div type="commentary" resp="#martaf">
                <p>The epitaph is very fragmentary and the several abbreviations make it difficult to read. Palaeography suggests a date to the first Byzantine era. The text must have been an epitaph as suggested by the verb <foreign xml:lang="grc">[---κατ]ετέθει</foreign> (i.e. <foreign xml:lang="grc">κατετέθη</foreign>) at l. 3, which is used to indicate the act of burial. At l. 2 and l. 3 the female name <foreign xml:lang="grc">Ἰσιδώρα</foreign> can be read (but, as Korhonen points out, the second mention could also have been the masculine name <foreign xml:lang="grc">Ἰσιδώρος</foreign>), while at l. 4 the reading <foreign xml:lang="grc">τ(ῶν) Καταν(ῶν)</foreign> (i.e. <foreign xml:lang="grc">τῶν Καταναίων</foreign>) is likely and connects this inscription the city of Catania.</p>
            </div>
            <div type="bibliography">
                <listBibl type="edition">
                    <bibl type="corpus" n="IMusCatania">
                        <citedRange>191</citedRange>
                        <ptr target="https://www.zotero.org/groups/382445/items/2EUC82DH"/>
                        <ref target="https://biblio.inscriptiones.org/epig10000028">https://biblio.inscriptiones.org/epig10000028</ref>
                    </bibl>
                    <bibl>
                        <author>Libertini</author>
                        <date>1930</date>
                        <citedRange>318 no.10</citedRange>
                        <ptr target="https://www.zotero.org/groups/382445/items/SKUU2R8X"/>
                        <ref target="https://biblio.inscriptiones.org/epig10001871">https://biblio.inscriptiones.org/epig10001871</ref>
                    </bibl>
                </listBibl>
                <listBibl type="discussion">
                    <bibl/>
                </listBibl>
            </div>
        </body>
    </text>
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