Hip fractures are very common and represent a growing problem. In fact, they are the second cause of hospitalization for the elderly. Hip fractures result in impairments, functional deficits, and disability, and the evaluation and treatment of these consequences are fundamental for a good rehabilitation outcome. The aim of this study was to analyze the problems of rehabilitation regarding hip fractures by revising the scientific literature, to find the best treatment strategies, and to establish valuable guidelines for the distinct phases of rehabilitation to be applied case by case according to the peculiarities of the patient, the specific characteristics of the fracture, and the indications of the surgeon. The parameters taken into account were: pain, endurance, range of motion (ROM), atrophy due to disuse, psychological trauma, quality of gait, and stability. The databanks of PubMed, Pedro, and Cochrane, were the sources of this work, covering the period of the last 10 years of both Italian and English literature. The rehabilitation process was thus divided: acute phase, sub-acute phase, and outcome phase. For each of the phases above mentioned, the following data was taken into account: initial evaluation and outcome evaluation, expected outcomes, objectives and main physical therapy modalities, prevention of post-surgical complications, and relapses. This study stresses the importance of rehabilitation in improving dexterity, ability, strength, endurance, and ROM, while empowering the patient in ADL. There is, however, a certain amount of disagreement over which program of rehabilitation to use and which exercises are the most effective. Some believe treatment in the hospital environment to be the most appropriate and others suggest home treatment. How long the rehabilitation period should last is another issue still being discussed; it is the opinion of some that it should last for 6 to 12 months if severe deficits are found, especially concerning gait.

Le fratture di femore sono molto diffuse e rappresentano un problema, la cui rilevanza aumenta con il passare del tempo: sono infatti la seconda causa di ricovero per le persone anziane. La frattura di femore provoca impairments, deficit funzionali e disabilità, la cui valutazione e trattamento sono determinanti per il buon esito della riabilitazione. Scopo di questo lavoro è quello di analizzare, attraverso una revisione della letteratura scientifica, le problematiche derivanti dalle fratture di femore suscettibili di trattamento rieducativo, individuare le migliori strategie e procedure da utilizzare e stilare alcune linee guida per il trattamento nelle diverse fasi, da adattarsi di volta in volta in base alle peculiarità del paziente, alle caratteristiche della frattura e alle indicazioni del chirurgo. Sono stati analizzati parametri quali il dolore, la resistenza, il range di movimento (ROM), l’atrofia da disuso, il trauma psicologico, la deambulazione e la stabilità. Sono state consultate le banche dati PubMed, Pedro e Cochrane, per un periodo di pubblicazione limitato agli ultimi 10 anni,in lingua inglese o italiana. Si è diviso il percorso riabilitativo del paziente in tre fasi: fase acuta, fase subacuta,fase degli esiti. Per ciascuna fase si sono evidenziati la valutazione iniziale e dei risultati attesi, gli obiettivi,i principali esercizi terapeutici, la prevenzione delle complicanze postchirurgiche e delle ricadute. Lo studio sottolinea l’importanza della riabilitazione per migliorare destrezza,abilità, forza, resistenza e arco di movimento e consentire lo svolgimento delle comuni attività della vita quotidiana. Emerge un certo disaccordo tra i vari autori in merito al programma da seguire, a quale tipo di esercizi scegliere e quali siano i più efficaci. Alcuni privilegiano un trattamento in regime di ricovero, altri a domicilio; altre disparità si riscontrano anche sulla durata del periodo di riabilitazione, che secondo alcuni dovrebbe essere particolarmente lungo, permanendo ad un follow up di 6-12 mesi ancora importanti deficit, soprattutto nel cammino.

Post surgical rehabilitation of femur fractures. Literature review and therapeutic rationale. La riabilitazione post chirurgica nelle fratture di femore: dalla revisione della letteratura al razionale terapeutico

VANTI, CARLA
2008

Abstract

Hip fractures are very common and represent a growing problem. In fact, they are the second cause of hospitalization for the elderly. Hip fractures result in impairments, functional deficits, and disability, and the evaluation and treatment of these consequences are fundamental for a good rehabilitation outcome. The aim of this study was to analyze the problems of rehabilitation regarding hip fractures by revising the scientific literature, to find the best treatment strategies, and to establish valuable guidelines for the distinct phases of rehabilitation to be applied case by case according to the peculiarities of the patient, the specific characteristics of the fracture, and the indications of the surgeon. The parameters taken into account were: pain, endurance, range of motion (ROM), atrophy due to disuse, psychological trauma, quality of gait, and stability. The databanks of PubMed, Pedro, and Cochrane, were the sources of this work, covering the period of the last 10 years of both Italian and English literature. The rehabilitation process was thus divided: acute phase, sub-acute phase, and outcome phase. For each of the phases above mentioned, the following data was taken into account: initial evaluation and outcome evaluation, expected outcomes, objectives and main physical therapy modalities, prevention of post-surgical complications, and relapses. This study stresses the importance of rehabilitation in improving dexterity, ability, strength, endurance, and ROM, while empowering the patient in ADL. There is, however, a certain amount of disagreement over which program of rehabilitation to use and which exercises are the most effective. Some believe treatment in the hospital environment to be the most appropriate and others suggest home treatment. How long the rehabilitation period should last is another issue still being discussed; it is the opinion of some that it should last for 6 to 12 months if severe deficits are found, especially concerning gait.
2008
VANTI, CARLA
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11585/623678
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