The Zoroastrian Religion is one of the most ancient of the world; although it was strongly rooted into an Indo-Iranian common background, Zoroastrianism (or Mazdeism) showed an original evolution creating a very particular theology, which assumed its full elaboration in the Pahlavi literature, partly elaborated during the Sasanian period (on the basis of more ancient traditions), partly re-arranged during the Mazdean Renaissance that floured in the 9th c. A.D., already under the Islamic domination. The divine creation is presented as a space-temporal trap, in which Ahreman, the antagonist of Ohrmazd, is attracted, so that the world as well as human history appear just as the most fitting instruments adopted by God in order to avoid an eternal contamination of the universe, where the battle between the forces of good and evil will be endless. Thus, history and human conscience are the framework in which the first and most important ontological struggles against Ahreman must be fought. Very particular is the Zoroastrian dimension between two dimensions, one “mental” (mênôg), the latter “living” (or physical; gêtîg), which are not at all in opposition, but that distinguish two different ontolo-gical modalities of being. The demons, for instance, do not posses a proper “living” dimension, because they cannot generate, and their quality can be defined as a sort of non-existence”. For this reason, all the actions enacted by evil forces assume neurotic or even psychotic modalities, an evidence showing that, according to the Zoroastrian theology, evil was considered as generated firstly in mind, and not in the body. The final target of the creation is, then, the total elimination of demonic forces from the world, and the restoration of the eternal time in a new paradisiacal dimension, which will accept the entire, finally saved, humanity.

La Religione Zoroastriana è una delle più antiche del mondo; sebbene sia strettamente radicato nella preistoria Indo-Iranica, lo Zoroastrismo (o Mazdeismo) ha mostrato un'evoluzione originale dando vita ad una teologia alquanto singolare, che è giunta a piena maturità solo nel IX secolo DC, anche se in parte le sue basi si trovano già formulate in epoca sasanide. La creazione divina è rappresentata come una trappola spazio-temporale, in cui Ahreman, l'antagonista di Ohrmazd, viene attratto. In tal modo, sia la creazione terrestre, sia la stessa storia umana risultano come uno strumento adottato da Ohrmazd al fine di evitare una contaminazione universale prodotta dal suo nemico maligno. Se ciò infatti fosse avvenuto, lo scontro tra bene e male non avrebbe più potuto avere una fine. Pertanto, la storia, come la coscienza individuale, sono l'ambito in cui si combatte la più importante battaglia contro il male. In particolare, lo Zoroastrismo ha distinto tra una dimensione “mentale” (mênôg) dell'essere e dell'esistenza, rispetto ad una propriamente “vitale" (o fisica; gêtîg), le quali non stanno in opposizione reciproca. Anzi, i demoni non possono avere una propria dimensione "vitale" poiché il loro scopo è quello di recare la morte e la non-esistenza. Per tale ragione, tutte le azioni intraprese dalle forze del male assumono una modalità nevrotica o addirittura psicotica, evidenza del fatto che esse sono state concepite sostanzialmente in un contesto mentale distorto e malato, non propriamente nel corpo. L'obiettivo finale della creazione è quindi quello di eliminare completamente le forze del male dal mondo e restaurare il tempo eterno e infinito in una nuova dimensione paradisiaca, ove finalmente ospitare l'umanità redenta e trasformata.

Origine e teleologia della creazione divina nella tradizione religiosa iranica pre-islamica

PANAINO, ANTONIO CLEMENTE DOMENICO
2017

Abstract

The Zoroastrian Religion is one of the most ancient of the world; although it was strongly rooted into an Indo-Iranian common background, Zoroastrianism (or Mazdeism) showed an original evolution creating a very particular theology, which assumed its full elaboration in the Pahlavi literature, partly elaborated during the Sasanian period (on the basis of more ancient traditions), partly re-arranged during the Mazdean Renaissance that floured in the 9th c. A.D., already under the Islamic domination. The divine creation is presented as a space-temporal trap, in which Ahreman, the antagonist of Ohrmazd, is attracted, so that the world as well as human history appear just as the most fitting instruments adopted by God in order to avoid an eternal contamination of the universe, where the battle between the forces of good and evil will be endless. Thus, history and human conscience are the framework in which the first and most important ontological struggles against Ahreman must be fought. Very particular is the Zoroastrian dimension between two dimensions, one “mental” (mênôg), the latter “living” (or physical; gêtîg), which are not at all in opposition, but that distinguish two different ontolo-gical modalities of being. The demons, for instance, do not posses a proper “living” dimension, because they cannot generate, and their quality can be defined as a sort of non-existence”. For this reason, all the actions enacted by evil forces assume neurotic or even psychotic modalities, an evidence showing that, according to the Zoroastrian theology, evil was considered as generated firstly in mind, and not in the body. The final target of the creation is, then, the total elimination of demonic forces from the world, and the restoration of the eternal time in a new paradisiacal dimension, which will accept the entire, finally saved, humanity.
2017
Eranos Yearbook / Annale di Eranos 73 2015 – 2016 The World and its Shadow. Il mondo e la sua ombra.
485
537
Antonio Panaino
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11585/606687
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