3D Transient Model for CO2 Laser Hardening

A 3D numerical model for the surface hardening process simulation carried out by means of a CO2 laser source is presented. The model is able to predict the extension of the treated area into the workpiece, the type of the resulting micro-structure and the optimal laser path strategy in order to minimize the micro-structural softening due to the tempering effect. The Fourier equation is solved using the Finite Difference Method (FDM) applied on a generical grid obtained by means of the domain discretization. The resulting time dependent temperature distribution into the workpiece is used for the evaluation of the induced heating cycle. By calculating the cooling velocity, the micro-structure transformation is determined together with the hardness in every point of the domain. The hardness reduction due to the tempering effect is also predictible. The computational times are small and the software is very suitable in industrial environment in the early stage of the process planning when several simulation runs must be performed. The modeling activity was developed by considering the class of the hypo-eutectoid steel. The experimental tests were realized on a C43 steel plate. The good agreement between the theoretical and experimental results is shown.