Resumo em português: Um grande entrave no cultivo da couve-flor é a incidência do fungo Alternaria brassicicola, causador da mancha foliar escura em plantas da família Brassicaceae. A utilização de sais de cobre na agricultura é questionada. De fato, estes produtos apresentam desvantagens, principalmente relacionadas com os seus depósitos no solo e a sua fitotoxicidade. Neste trabalho investigou-se os efeitos do uso de arsenico na forma ultra diluída (UHD), preparado por um processo de diluição repetida e agitação, por meio de: 1) germinação in vitro de esporos em suspenção de A. brassicicola; 2) experimento in planta e 3) ensaio em campo onde plantas de couve-flor, infectadas pelo fungo, foram pulverizadas. Diluições ultra altas de arsenico (em que não há mais presença dessas moléculas) foram eficazes em todos os experimentos, inibindo a germinação de esporos em 60,0%, controlando a doença fúngica nos experimentos in planta (eficácia relativa de 42,1%) e, no teste de campo, diminuindo o nível de infecção médio em cabeças de couve flor em 45,7% e 41,6% respectivamente, em plantas inoculadas artificialmente e infectadas naturalmente. Este é o primeiro estudo para demonstrar que as soluções ultra diluídas de arsenico efetivamente reduzem a germinação de esporos in vitro e reduzem a infecção de A. brassicicola em plantas de couve-flor, tanto em condições controladas como em campo. Nossa pesquisa ainda é muito experimental; no entanto, à luz dos resultados significativos obtidos com arsênico ultra-diluído e, dado que o elevado nível de diluição impede qualquer toxicidade ou acumulo no ambiente, o uso de UHDs poderia ser considerado uma abordagem potencial e confiável para a agricultura sustentável

A major problem in cauliflower crop is the fungus Alternaria brassicicola, which causes dark leaf spot on Brassicaceae family. The current use of copper salts in agriculture is questioned. In fact, these products present some disadvantages, connected mainly with their deposits in the soil and toxicity on plants. This work investigated the effects of arsenic treatments, in ultra high diluted form (UHD), prepared by a process of repeated dilution and succussion (shaking), through: 1) in vitro germination experiments, where spores of A. brassicicola were suspended in the treatments; 2) in planta experiments and 3) a field trial, where cauliflower plants infected by the fungus were sprayed with treatments. The results showed that ultra high dilutions of arsenic (where no more molecules of this substance are present) were effective in all the experiments, inhibiting spore germination by 60.0%, controlling fungal disease in in planta experiments (relative efficacy of 42.1%), and, in field trial, decreasing the mean infection level in cauliflower heads by 45.7% and 41.6% in artificially inoculated and naturally infected plants, respectively. This is the first study to demonstrate that ultra high dilutions effectively reduce in vitro spore germination and infection of A. brassicicola in cauliflower plants, both under controlled conditions and in the field. Our research is still very experimental, however, in light of the significant results obtained with ultra-diluted arsenic, and given that its extreme high dilution level precludes any toxicity or accumulation in the environment, the use of UHDs could be considered a potential and reliable approach for sustainable agriculture

Ultra high diluted arsenic reduces spore germination of Alternaria brassicicola and dark leaf spot in cauliflower = Arsenico ultra diluído reduz a germinação de esporos de Alternaria brassicicola e mancha foliar escura em couve-flor

TREBBI, GRAZIA;NIPOTI, PAOLA;BREGOLA, VALERIA;BRIZZI, MAURIZIO;DINELLI, GIOVANNI;BETTI, LUCIETTA
2016

Abstract

A major problem in cauliflower crop is the fungus Alternaria brassicicola, which causes dark leaf spot on Brassicaceae family. The current use of copper salts in agriculture is questioned. In fact, these products present some disadvantages, connected mainly with their deposits in the soil and toxicity on plants. This work investigated the effects of arsenic treatments, in ultra high diluted form (UHD), prepared by a process of repeated dilution and succussion (shaking), through: 1) in vitro germination experiments, where spores of A. brassicicola were suspended in the treatments; 2) in planta experiments and 3) a field trial, where cauliflower plants infected by the fungus were sprayed with treatments. The results showed that ultra high dilutions of arsenic (where no more molecules of this substance are present) were effective in all the experiments, inhibiting spore germination by 60.0%, controlling fungal disease in in planta experiments (relative efficacy of 42.1%), and, in field trial, decreasing the mean infection level in cauliflower heads by 45.7% and 41.6% in artificially inoculated and naturally infected plants, respectively. This is the first study to demonstrate that ultra high dilutions effectively reduce in vitro spore germination and infection of A. brassicicola in cauliflower plants, both under controlled conditions and in the field. Our research is still very experimental, however, in light of the significant results obtained with ultra-diluted arsenic, and given that its extreme high dilution level precludes any toxicity or accumulation in the environment, the use of UHDs could be considered a potential and reliable approach for sustainable agriculture
2016
Grazia, Trebbi; Paola, Nipoti; Valeria, Bregola; Maurizio, Brizzi; Giovanni, Dinelli; Lucietta, Betti
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11585/582831
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