Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of psychiatric disorders have identified multiple genetic associations with such disorders, but better methods are needed to derive the underlying biological mechanisms that these signals indicate. We sought to identify biological pathways in GWAS data from over 60,000 participants from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. We developed an analysis framework to rank pathways that requires only summary statistics. We combined this score across disorders to find common pathways across three adult psychiatric disorders: schizophrenia, major depression and bipolar disorder. Histone methylation processes showed the strongest association, and we also found statistically significant evidence for associations with multiple immune and neuronal signaling pathways and with the postsynaptic density. Our study indicates that risk variants for psychiatric disorders aggregate in particular biological pathways and that these pathways are frequently shared between disorders. Our results confirm known mechanisms and suggest several novel insights into the etiology of psychiatric disorders.
Psychiatric genome-wide association study analyses implicate neuronal, immune and histone pathways / O'Dushlaine, C; Rossin, L; Lee, Ph; Duncan, L; Parikshak, Nn; Newhouse, S; Ripke, S; Neale, Bm; Purcell, Sm; Posthuma, D; Nurnberger, Ji; Lee, Sh; Faraone, Sv; Perlis, Rh; Mowry, Bj; Thapar, A; Goddard, Me; Witte, Js; Absher, D; Agartz, I; Akil, H; Amin, F; Andreassen, Oa; Anjorin, A; Anney, R; Anttila, V; Arking, De; Asherson, P; Azevedo, Mh; Backlund, L; Badner, Ja; Bailey, Aj; Banaschewski, T; Barchas, Jd; Barnes, Mr; Barrett, Tb; Bass, N; Battaglia, A; Bauer, M; Bayés, M; Bellivier, F; Bergen, Se; Berrettini, W; Betancur, C; Bettecken, T; Biederman, J; Binder, Eb; Black, Dw; Blackwood, Dh; Bloss, Cs; Boehnke, M; Boomsma, Di; Breuer, R; Bruggeman, R; Cormican, P; Buccola, Ng; Buitelaar, Jk; Bunney, We; Buxbaum, Jd; Byerley, Wf; Byrne, Em; Caesar, S; Cahn, W; Cantor, Rm; Casas, M; Chakravarti, A; Chambert, K; Choudhury, K; Cichon, S; Mattheisen, M; Cloninger, Cr; Collier, Da; Cook, Eh; Coon, H; Cormand, B; Corvin, A; Coryell, Wh; Craig, Dw; Craig, Iw; Crosbie, J; Cuccaro, Ml; Curtis, D; Czamara, D; Datta, S; Dawson, G; Day, R; De Geus, Ej; Degenhardt, F; Djurovic, S; Donohoe, Gj; Doyle, Ae; Duan, J; Dudbridge, F; Duketis, E; Ebstein, Rp; Edenberg, Hj; Elia, J; Ennis, S; Etain, B; Fanous, A; Farmer, Ae; Ferrier, In; Flickinger, M; Fombonne, E; Foroud, T; Frank, J; Franke, B; Fraser, C; Freedman, R; Freimer, Nb; Freitag, Cm; Friedl, M; Frisén, L; Gallagher, L; Gejman, Pv; Georgieva, L; Gershon, Es; Giegling, I; Gill, M; Gordon, Sd; Gordon-Smith, K; Green, Ek; Greenwood, Ta; Grice, De; Gross, M; Grozeva, D; Guan, W; Gurling, H; De Haan, L; Haines, Jl; Hakonarson, H; Hallmayer, J; Hamilton, Sp; Hamshere, Ml; Hansen, Tf; Hartmann, Am; Hautzinger, M; Heath, Ac; Henders, Ak; Herms, S; Hickie, Ib; Hipolito, M; Hoefels, S; Holsboer, F; Hoogendijk, Wj; Hottenga, Jj; Hultman, Cm; Hus, V; Ingason, A; Ising, M; Jamain, S; Jones, Eg; Jones, I; Jones, L; Tzeng, Jy; Kähler, Ak; Kahn, Rs; Kandaswamy, R; Keller, Mc; Kennedy, Jl; Kenny, E; Kent, L; Kim, Y; Kirov, Gk; Klauck, Sm; Klei, L; Knowles, Ja; Kohli, Ma; Koller, Dl; Konte, B; Korszun, A; Krabbendam, L; Krasucki, R; Kuntsi, J; Kwan, P; Landén, M; Längström, N; Lathrop, M; Lawrence, J; Lawson, Wb; Leboyer, M; Ledbetter, Dh; Lencz, T; Lesch, Kp; Levinson, Df; Lewis, Cm; Li, J; Lichtenstein, P; Lieberman, Ja; Lin, Dy; Linszen, Dh; Liu, C; Lohoff, Fw; Loo, Sk; Lord, C; Lowe, Jk; Lucae, S; Macintyre, Dj; Madden, Pa; Maestrini, E; Magnusson, Pk; Mahon, Pb; Maier, W; Malhotra, Ak; Mane, Sm; Martin, Cl; Martin, Ng; Matthews, K; Mattingsdal, M; Mccarroll, Sa; Mcghee, Ka; Mcgough, Jj; Mcgrath, Pj; Mcguffin, P; Mcinnis, Mg; Mcintosh, A; Mckinney, R; Mclean, Aw; Mcmahon, Fj; Mcmahon, Wm; Mcquillin, A; Medeiros, H; Medland, Se; Meier, S; Melle, I; Meyer, J; Middeldorp, Cm; Middleton, L; Milanova, V; Miranda, A; Monaco, A; Montgomery, Gw; Moran, Jl; Moreno-De-Luca, D; Morken, G; Morris, Dw; Morrow, Em; Moskvina, V; Muglia, P; Mühleisen, Tw; Muir, Wj; Müller-Myhsok, B; Murtha, M; Myers, Rm; Myin-Germeys, I; Neale, Mc; Nelson, Sf; Nievergelt, Cm; Nikolov, I; Nimgaonkar, V; Nolen, Wa; Nöthen, Mm; Nwulia, Ea; Nyholt, Dr; Oades, Rd; Olincy, A; Oliveira, G; Olsen, L; Ophoff, Ra; Osby, U; Owen, Mj; Palotie, A; Parr, Jr; Paterson, Ad; Pato, Cn; Pato, Mt; Penninx, Bw; Pergadia, Ml; Pericak-Vance, Ma; Pickard, Bs; Pimm, J; Piven, J; Potash, Jb; Poustka, F; Propping, P; Puri, V; Quested, Dj; Quinn, Em; Ramos-Quiroga, Ja; Rasmussen, Hb; Raychaudhuri, S; Rehnström, K; Reif, A; Ribasés, M; Rice, Jp; Rietschel, M; Roeder, K; Roeyers, H; Rothenberger, A; Rouleau, G; Ruderfer, D; Rujescu, D; Sanders, Ar; Sanders, Sj; Santangelo, Sl; Sergeant, Ja; Schachar, R; Schalling, M; Schatzberg, Af; Scheftner, Wa; Schellenberg, Gd; Scherer, Sw; Schork, Nj; Schulze, Tg; Schumacher, J; Schwarz, M; Scolnick, E; Scott, Lj; Shi, J; Shilling, Pd; Shyn, Si; Silverman, Jm; Slager, Sl; Smalley, Sl; Smit, Jh; Smith, En; Sonuga-Barke, Ej; St Clair, D; State, M; Steffens, M; Steinhausen, Hc; Strauss, Js; Strohmaier, J; Stroup, Ts; Sutcliffe, Js; Szatmari, P; Szelinger, S; Thirumalai, S; Thompson, Rc; Todorov, Aa; Tozzi, F; Treutlein, J; Uhr, M; van den Oord, Jc; Van Grootheest, G; Van Os, J; Vicente, A; Vieland, Vj; Vincent, Jb; Visscher, Pm; Walsh, Ca; Wassink, Th; Watson, Sj; Weissman, Mm; Werge, T; Wienker, Tf; Wijsman, Em; Willemsen, G; Williams, N; Willsey, Aj; Witt, Sh; Xu, W; Young, Ah; Yu, Tw; Zammit, S; Zandi, Pp; Zhang, P; Zitman, Fg; Zöllner, S; Devlin, B; Kelsoe, Jr; Sklar, P; Daly, Mj; O'Donovan, Mc; Craddock, N; Kendler, Ks; Weiss, La; Wray, Nr; Zhao, Z; Geschwind, Dh; Sullivan, Pf; Smoller, Jw; Holmans, Pa; Breen, G.. - In: NATURE NEUROSCIENCE. - ISSN 1097-6256. - STAMPA. - 18:2(2015), pp. 199-209. [10.1038/nn.3922]
Psychiatric genome-wide association study analyses implicate neuronal, immune and histone pathways
O'Dushlaine, C; Rossin, L; Lee, Ph; Duncan, L; Parikshak, Nn; Newhouse, S; Ripke, S; Neale, Bm; Purcell, Sm; Posthuma, D; Nurnberger, Ji; Lee, Sh; Faraone, Sv; Perlis, Rh; Mowry, Bj; Thapar, A; Goddard, Me; Witte, Js; Absher, D; Agartz, I; Akil, H; Amin, F; Andreassen, Oa; Anjorin, A; Anney, R; Anttila, V; Arking, De; Asherson, P; Azevedo, Mh; Backlund, L; Badner, Ja; Bailey, Aj; Banaschewski, T; Barchas, Jd; Barnes, Mr; Barrett, Tb; Bass, N; Battaglia, A; Bauer, M; Bayés, M; Bellivier, F; Bergen, Se; Berrettini, W; Betancur, C; Bettecken, T; Biederman, J; Binder, Eb; Black, Dw; Blackwood, Dh; Bloss, Cs; Boehnke, M; Boomsma, Di; Breuer, R; Bruggeman, R; Cormican, P; Buccola, Ng; Buitelaar, Jk; Bunney, We; Buxbaum, Jd; Byerley, Wf; Byrne, Em; Caesar, S; Cahn, W; Cantor, Rm; Casas, M; Chakravarti, A; Chambert, K; Choudhury, K; Cichon, S; Mattheisen, M; Cloninger, Cr; Collier, Da; Cook, Eh; Coon, H; Cormand, B; Corvin, A; Coryell, Wh; Craig, Dw; Craig, Iw; Crosbie, J; Cuccaro, Ml; Curtis, D; Czamara, D; Datta, S; Dawson, G; Day, R; De Geus, Ej; Degenhardt, F; Djurovic, S; Donohoe, Gj; Doyle, Ae; Duan, J; Dudbridge, F; Duketis, E; Ebstein, Rp; Edenberg, Hj; Elia, J; Ennis, S; Etain, B; Fanous, A; Farmer, Ae; Ferrier, In; Flickinger, M; Fombonne, E; Foroud, T; Frank, J; Franke, B; Fraser, C; Freedman, R; Freimer, Nb; Freitag, Cm; Friedl, M; Frisén, L; Gallagher, L; Gejman, Pv; Georgieva, L; Gershon, Es; Giegling, I; Gill, M; Gordon, Sd; Gordon Smith, K; Green, Ek; Greenwood, Ta; Grice, De; Gross, M; Grozeva, D; Guan, W; Gurling, H; De Haan, L; Haines, Jl; Hakonarson, H; Hallmayer, J; Hamilton, Sp; Hamshere, Ml; Hansen, Tf; Hartmann, Am; Hautzinger, M; Heath, Ac; Henders, Ak; Herms, S; Hickie, Ib; Hipolito, M; Hoefels, S; Holsboer, F; Hoogendijk, Wj; Hottenga, Jj; Hultman, Cm; Hus, V; Ingason, A; Ising, M; Jamain, S; Jones, Eg; Jones, I; Jones, L; Tzeng, Jy; Kähler, Ak; Kahn, Rs; Kandaswamy, R; Keller, Mc; Kennedy, Jl; Kenny, E; Kent, L; Kim, Y; Kirov, Gk; Klauck, Sm; Klei, L; Knowles, Ja; Kohli, Ma; Koller, Dl; Konte, B; Korszun, A; Krabbendam, L; Krasucki, R; Kuntsi, J; Kwan, P; Landén, M; Längström, N; Lathrop, M; Lawrence, J; Lawson, Wb; Leboyer, M; Ledbetter, Dh; Lencz, T; Lesch, Kp; Levinson, Df; Lewis, Cm; Li, J; Lichtenstein, P; Lieberman, Ja; Lin, Dy; Linszen, Dh; Liu, C; Lohoff, Fw; Loo, Sk; Lord, C; Lowe, Jk; Lucae, S; Macintyre, Dj; Madden, Pa; MAESTRINI, ELENA ;Magnusson, Pk; Mahon, Pb; Maier, W; Malhotra, Ak; Mane, Sm; Martin, Cl; Martin, Ng; Matthews, K; Mattingsdal, M; Mccarroll, Sa; Mcghee, Ka; Mcgough, Jj; Mcgrath, Pj; Mcguffin, P; Mcinnis, Mg; Mcintosh, A; Mckinney, R; Mclean, Aw; Mcmahon, Fj; Mcmahon, Wm; Mcquillin, A; Medeiros, H; Medland, Se; Meier, S; Melle, I; Meyer, J; Middeldorp, Cm; Middleton, L; Milanova, V; Miranda, A; Monaco, A; Montgomery, Gw; Moran, Jl; Moreno De Luca, D; Morken, G; Morris, Dw; Morrow, Em; Moskvina, V; Muglia, P; Mühleisen, Tw; Muir, Wj; Müller Myhsok, B; Murtha, M; Myers, Rm; Myin Germeys, I; Neale, Mc; Nelson, Sf; Nievergelt, Cm; Nikolov, I; Nimgaonkar, V; Nolen, Wa; Nöthen, Mm; Nwulia, Ea; Nyholt, Dr; Oades, Rd; Olincy, A; Oliveira, G; Olsen, L; Ophoff, Ra; Osby, U; Owen, Mj; Palotie, A; Parr, Jr; Paterson, Ad; Pato, Cn; Pato, Mt; Penninx, Bw; Pergadia, Ml; Pericak Vance, Ma; Pickard, Bs; Pimm, J; Piven, J; Potash, Jb; Poustka, F; Propping, P; Puri, V; Quested, Dj; Quinn, Em; Ramos Quiroga, Ja; Rasmussen, Hb; Raychaudhuri, S; Rehnström, K; Reif, A; Ribasés, M; Rice, Jp; Rietschel, M; Roeder, K; Roeyers, H; Rothenberger, A; Rouleau, G; Ruderfer, D; Rujescu, D; Sanders, Ar; Sanders, Sj; Santangelo, Sl; Sergeant, Ja; Schachar, R; Schalling, M; Schatzberg, Af; Scheftner, Wa; Schellenberg, Gd; Scherer, Sw; Schork, Nj; Schulze, Tg; Schumacher, J; Schwarz, M; Scolnick, E; Scott, Lj; Shi, J; Shilling, Pd; Shyn, Si; Silverman, Jm; Slager, Sl; Smalley, Sl; Smit, Jh; Smith, En; Sonuga Barke, Ej; St Clair, D; State, M; Steffens, M; Steinhausen, Hc; Strauss, Js; Strohmaier, J; Stroup, Ts; Sutcliffe, Js; Szatmari, P; Szelinger, S; Thirumalai, S; Thompson, Rc; Todorov, Aa; Tozzi, F; Treutlein, J; Uhr, M; van den Oord, Jc; Van Grootheest, G; Van Os, J; Vicente, A; Vieland, Vj; Vincent, Jb; Visscher, Pm; Walsh, Ca; Wassink, Th; Watson, Sj; Weissman, Mm; Werge, T; Wienker, Tf; Wijsman, Em; Willemsen, G; Williams, N; Willsey, Aj; Witt, Sh; Xu, W; Young, Ah; Yu, Tw; Zammit, S; Zandi, Pp; Zhang, P; Zitman, Fg; Zöllner, S; Devlin, B; Kelsoe, Jr; Sklar, P; Daly, Mj; O'Donovan, Mc; Craddock, N; Kendler, Ks; Weiss, La; Wray, Nr; Zhao, Z; Geschwind, Dh; Sullivan, Pf; Smoller, Jw; Holmans, Pa; Breen, G.
2015
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of psychiatric disorders have identified multiple genetic associations with such disorders, but better methods are needed to derive the underlying biological mechanisms that these signals indicate. We sought to identify biological pathways in GWAS data from over 60,000 participants from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. We developed an analysis framework to rank pathways that requires only summary statistics. We combined this score across disorders to find common pathways across three adult psychiatric disorders: schizophrenia, major depression and bipolar disorder. Histone methylation processes showed the strongest association, and we also found statistically significant evidence for associations with multiple immune and neuronal signaling pathways and with the postsynaptic density. Our study indicates that risk variants for psychiatric disorders aggregate in particular biological pathways and that these pathways are frequently shared between disorders. Our results confirm known mechanisms and suggest several novel insights into the etiology of psychiatric disorders.
Citazione
Psychiatric genome-wide association study analyses implicate neuronal, immune and histone pathways / O'Dushlaine, C; Rossin, L; Lee, Ph; Duncan, L; Parikshak, Nn; Newhouse, S; Ripke, S; Neale, Bm; Purcell, Sm; Posthuma, D; Nurnberger, Ji; Lee, Sh; Faraone, Sv; Perlis, Rh; Mowry, Bj; Thapar, A; Goddard, Me; Witte, Js; Absher, D; Agartz, I; Akil, H; Amin, F; Andreassen, Oa; Anjorin, A; Anney, R; Anttila, V; Arking, De; Asherson, P; Azevedo, Mh; Backlund, L; Badner, Ja; Bailey, Aj; Banaschewski, T; Barchas, Jd; Barnes, Mr; Barrett, Tb; Bass, N; Battaglia, A; Bauer, M; Bayés, M; Bellivier, F; Bergen, Se; Berrettini, W; Betancur, C; Bettecken, T; Biederman, J; Binder, Eb; Black, Dw; Blackwood, Dh; Bloss, Cs; Boehnke, M; Boomsma, Di; Breuer, R; Bruggeman, R; Cormican, P; Buccola, Ng; Buitelaar, Jk; Bunney, We; Buxbaum, Jd; Byerley, Wf; Byrne, Em; Caesar, S; Cahn, W; Cantor, Rm; Casas, M; Chakravarti, A; Chambert, K; Choudhury, K; Cichon, S; Mattheisen, M; Cloninger, Cr; Collier, Da; Cook, Eh; Coon, H; Cormand, B; Corvin, A; Coryell, Wh; Craig, Dw; Craig, Iw; Crosbie, J; Cuccaro, Ml; Curtis, D; Czamara, D; Datta, S; Dawson, G; Day, R; De Geus, Ej; Degenhardt, F; Djurovic, S; Donohoe, Gj; Doyle, Ae; Duan, J; Dudbridge, F; Duketis, E; Ebstein, Rp; Edenberg, Hj; Elia, J; Ennis, S; Etain, B; Fanous, A; Farmer, Ae; Ferrier, In; Flickinger, M; Fombonne, E; Foroud, T; Frank, J; Franke, B; Fraser, C; Freedman, R; Freimer, Nb; Freitag, Cm; Friedl, M; Frisén, L; Gallagher, L; Gejman, Pv; Georgieva, L; Gershon, Es; Giegling, I; Gill, M; Gordon, Sd; Gordon-Smith, K; Green, Ek; Greenwood, Ta; Grice, De; Gross, M; Grozeva, D; Guan, W; Gurling, H; De Haan, L; Haines, Jl; Hakonarson, H; Hallmayer, J; Hamilton, Sp; Hamshere, Ml; Hansen, Tf; Hartmann, Am; Hautzinger, M; Heath, Ac; Henders, Ak; Herms, S; Hickie, Ib; Hipolito, M; Hoefels, S; Holsboer, F; Hoogendijk, Wj; Hottenga, Jj; Hultman, Cm; Hus, V; Ingason, A; Ising, M; Jamain, S; Jones, Eg; Jones, I; Jones, L; Tzeng, Jy; Kähler, Ak; Kahn, Rs; Kandaswamy, R; Keller, Mc; Kennedy, Jl; Kenny, E; Kent, L; Kim, Y; Kirov, Gk; Klauck, Sm; Klei, L; Knowles, Ja; Kohli, Ma; Koller, Dl; Konte, B; Korszun, A; Krabbendam, L; Krasucki, R; Kuntsi, J; Kwan, P; Landén, M; Längström, N; Lathrop, M; Lawrence, J; Lawson, Wb; Leboyer, M; Ledbetter, Dh; Lencz, T; Lesch, Kp; Levinson, Df; Lewis, Cm; Li, J; Lichtenstein, P; Lieberman, Ja; Lin, Dy; Linszen, Dh; Liu, C; Lohoff, Fw; Loo, Sk; Lord, C; Lowe, Jk; Lucae, S; Macintyre, Dj; Madden, Pa; Maestrini, E; Magnusson, Pk; Mahon, Pb; Maier, W; Malhotra, Ak; Mane, Sm; Martin, Cl; Martin, Ng; Matthews, K; Mattingsdal, M; Mccarroll, Sa; Mcghee, Ka; Mcgough, Jj; Mcgrath, Pj; Mcguffin, P; Mcinnis, Mg; Mcintosh, A; Mckinney, R; Mclean, Aw; Mcmahon, Fj; Mcmahon, Wm; Mcquillin, A; Medeiros, H; Medland, Se; Meier, S; Melle, I; Meyer, J; Middeldorp, Cm; Middleton, L; Milanova, V; Miranda, A; Monaco, A; Montgomery, Gw; Moran, Jl; Moreno-De-Luca, D; Morken, G; Morris, Dw; Morrow, Em; Moskvina, V; Muglia, P; Mühleisen, Tw; Muir, Wj; Müller-Myhsok, B; Murtha, M; Myers, Rm; Myin-Germeys, I; Neale, Mc; Nelson, Sf; Nievergelt, Cm; Nikolov, I; Nimgaonkar, V; Nolen, Wa; Nöthen, Mm; Nwulia, Ea; Nyholt, Dr; Oades, Rd; Olincy, A; Oliveira, G; Olsen, L; Ophoff, Ra; Osby, U; Owen, Mj; Palotie, A; Parr, Jr; Paterson, Ad; Pato, Cn; Pato, Mt; Penninx, Bw; Pergadia, Ml; Pericak-Vance, Ma; Pickard, Bs; Pimm, J; Piven, J; Potash, Jb; Poustka, F; Propping, P; Puri, V; Quested, Dj; Quinn, Em; Ramos-Quiroga, Ja; Rasmussen, Hb; Raychaudhuri, S; Rehnström, K; Reif, A; Ribasés, M; Rice, Jp; Rietschel, M; Roeder, K; Roeyers, H; Rothenberger, A; Rouleau, G; Ruderfer, D; Rujescu, D; Sanders, Ar; Sanders, Sj; Santangelo, Sl; Sergeant, Ja; Schachar, R; Schalling, M; Schatzberg, Af; Scheftner, Wa; Schellenberg, Gd; Scherer, Sw; Schork, Nj; Schulze, Tg; Schumacher, J; Schwarz, M; Scolnick, E; Scott, Lj; Shi, J; Shilling, Pd; Shyn, Si; Silverman, Jm; Slager, Sl; Smalley, Sl; Smit, Jh; Smith, En; Sonuga-Barke, Ej; St Clair, D; State, M; Steffens, M; Steinhausen, Hc; Strauss, Js; Strohmaier, J; Stroup, Ts; Sutcliffe, Js; Szatmari, P; Szelinger, S; Thirumalai, S; Thompson, Rc; Todorov, Aa; Tozzi, F; Treutlein, J; Uhr, M; van den Oord, Jc; Van Grootheest, G; Van Os, J; Vicente, A; Vieland, Vj; Vincent, Jb; Visscher, Pm; Walsh, Ca; Wassink, Th; Watson, Sj; Weissman, Mm; Werge, T; Wienker, Tf; Wijsman, Em; Willemsen, G; Williams, N; Willsey, Aj; Witt, Sh; Xu, W; Young, Ah; Yu, Tw; Zammit, S; Zandi, Pp; Zhang, P; Zitman, Fg; Zöllner, S; Devlin, B; Kelsoe, Jr; Sklar, P; Daly, Mj; O'Donovan, Mc; Craddock, N; Kendler, Ks; Weiss, La; Wray, Nr; Zhao, Z; Geschwind, Dh; Sullivan, Pf; Smoller, Jw; Holmans, Pa; Breen, G.. - In: NATURE NEUROSCIENCE. - ISSN 1097-6256. - STAMPA. - 18:2(2015), pp. 199-209. [10.1038/nn.3922]
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O'Dushlaine, C; Rossin, L; Lee, Ph; Duncan, L; Parikshak, Nn; Newhouse, S; Ripke, S; Neale, Bm; Purcell, Sm; Posthuma, D; Nurnberger, Ji; Lee, Sh; Faraone, Sv; Perlis, Rh; Mowry, Bj; Thapar, A; Goddard, Me; Witte, Js; Absher, D; Agartz, I; Akil, H; Amin, F; Andreassen, Oa; Anjorin, A; Anney, R; Anttila, V; Arking, De; Asherson, P; Azevedo, Mh; Backlund, L; Badner, Ja; Bailey, Aj; Banaschewski, T; Barchas, Jd; Barnes, Mr; Barrett, Tb; Bass, N; Battaglia, A; Bauer, M; Bayés, M; Bellivier, F; Bergen, Se; Berrettini, W; Betancur, C; Bettecken, T; Biederman, J; Binder, Eb; Black, Dw; Blackwood, Dh; Bloss, Cs; Boehnke, M; Boomsma, Di; Breuer, R; Bruggeman, R; Cormican, P; Buccola, Ng; Buitelaar, Jk; Bunney, We; Buxbaum, Jd; Byerley, Wf; Byrne, Em; Caesar, S; Cahn, W; Cantor, Rm; Casas, M; Chakravarti, A; Chambert, K; Choudhury, K; Cichon, S; Mattheisen, M; Cloninger, Cr; Collier, Da; Cook, Eh; Coon, H; Cormand, B; Corvin, A; Coryell, Wh; Craig, Dw; Craig, Iw; Crosbie, J; Cuccaro, Ml; Curtis, D; Czamara, D; Datta, S; Dawson, G; Day, R; De Geus, Ej; Degenhardt, F; Djurovic, S; Donohoe, Gj; Doyle, Ae; Duan, J; Dudbridge, F; Duketis, E; Ebstein, Rp; Edenberg, Hj; Elia, J; Ennis, S; Etain, B; Fanous, A; Farmer, Ae; Ferrier, In; Flickinger, M; Fombonne, E; Foroud, T; Frank, J; Franke, B; Fraser, C; Freedman, R; Freimer, Nb; Freitag, Cm; Friedl, M; Frisén, L; Gallagher, L; Gejman, Pv; Georgieva, L; Gershon, Es; Giegling, I; Gill, M; Gordon, Sd; Gordon-Smith, K; Green, Ek; Greenwood, Ta; Grice, De; Gross, M; Grozeva, D; Guan, W; Gurling, H; De Haan, L; Haines, Jl; Hakonarson, H; Hallmayer, J; Hamilton, Sp; Hamshere, Ml; Hansen, Tf; Hartmann, Am; Hautzinger, M; Heath, Ac; Henders, Ak; Herms, S; Hickie, Ib; Hipolito, M; Hoefels, S; Holsboer, F; Hoogendijk, Wj; Hottenga, Jj; Hultman, Cm; Hus, V; Ingason, A; Ising, M; Jamain, S; Jones, Eg; Jones, I; Jones, L; Tzeng, Jy; Kähler, Ak; Kahn, Rs; Kandaswamy, R; Keller, Mc; Kennedy, Jl; Kenny, E; Kent, L; Kim, Y; Kirov, Gk; Klauck, Sm; Klei, L; Knowles, Ja; Kohli, Ma; Koller, Dl; Konte, B; Korszun, A; Krabbendam, L; Krasucki, R; Kuntsi, J; Kwan, P; Landén, M; Längström, N; Lathrop, M; Lawrence, J; Lawson, Wb; Leboyer, M; Ledbetter, Dh; Lencz, T; Lesch, Kp; Levinson, Df; Lewis, Cm; Li, J; Lichtenstein, P; Lieberman, Ja; Lin, Dy; Linszen, Dh; Liu, C; Lohoff, Fw; Loo, Sk; Lord, C; Lowe, Jk; Lucae, S; Macintyre, Dj; Madden, Pa; Maestrini, E; Magnusson, Pk; Mahon, Pb; Maier, W; Malhotra, Ak; Mane, Sm; Martin, Cl; Martin, Ng; Matthews, K; Mattingsdal, M; Mccarroll, Sa; Mcghee, Ka; Mcgough, Jj; Mcgrath, Pj; Mcguffin, P; Mcinnis, Mg; Mcintosh, A; Mckinney, R; Mclean, Aw; Mcmahon, Fj; Mcmahon, Wm; Mcquillin, A; Medeiros, H; Medland, Se; Meier, S; Melle, I; Meyer, J; Middeldorp, Cm; Middleton, L; Milanova, V; Miranda, A; Monaco, A; Montgomery, Gw; Moran, Jl; Moreno-De-Luca, D; Morken, G; Morris, Dw; Morrow, Em; Moskvina, V; Muglia, P; Mühleisen, Tw; Muir, Wj; Müller-Myhsok, B; Murtha, M; Myers, Rm; Myin-Germeys, I; Neale, Mc; Nelson, Sf; Nievergelt, Cm; Nikolov, I; Nimgaonkar, V; Nolen, Wa; Nöthen, Mm; Nwulia, Ea; Nyholt, Dr; Oades, Rd; Olincy, A; Oliveira, G; Olsen, L; Ophoff, Ra; Osby, U; Owen, Mj; Palotie, A; Parr, Jr; Paterson, Ad; Pato, Cn; Pato, Mt; Penninx, Bw; Pergadia, Ml; Pericak-Vance, Ma; Pickard, Bs; Pimm, J; Piven, J; Potash, Jb; Poustka, F; Propping, P; Puri, V; Quested, Dj; Quinn, Em; Ramos-Quiroga, Ja; Rasmussen, Hb; Raychaudhuri, S; Rehnström, K; Reif, A; Ribasés, M; Rice, Jp; Rietschel, M; Roeder, K; Roeyers, H; Rothenberger, A; Rouleau, G; Ruderfer, D; Rujescu, D; Sanders, Ar; Sanders, Sj; Santangelo, Sl; Sergeant, Ja; Schachar, R; Schalling, M; Schatzberg, Af; Scheftner, Wa; Schellenberg, Gd; Scherer, Sw; Schork, Nj; Schulze, Tg; Schumacher, J; Schwarz, M; Scolnick, E; Scott, Lj; Shi, J; Shilling, Pd; Shyn, Si; Silverman, Jm; Slager, Sl; Smalley, Sl; Smit, Jh; Smith, En; Sonuga-Barke, Ej; St Clair, D; State, M; Steffens, M; Steinhausen, Hc; Strauss, Js; Strohmaier, J; Stroup, Ts; Sutcliffe, Js; Szatmari, P; Szelinger, S; Thirumalai, S; Thompson, Rc; Todorov, Aa; Tozzi, F; Treutlein, J; Uhr, M; van den Oord, Jc; Van Grootheest, G; Van Os, J; Vicente, A; Vieland, Vj; Vincent, Jb; Visscher, Pm; Walsh, Ca; Wassink, Th; Watson, Sj; Weissman, Mm; Werge, T; Wienker, Tf; Wijsman, Em; Willemsen, G; Williams, N; Willsey, Aj; Witt, Sh; Xu, W; Young, Ah; Yu, Tw; Zammit, S; Zandi, Pp; Zhang, P; Zitman, Fg; Zöllner, S; Devlin, B; Kelsoe, Jr; Sklar, P; Daly, Mj; O'Donovan, Mc; Craddock, N; Kendler, Ks; Weiss, La; Wray, Nr; Zhao, Z; Geschwind, Dh; Sullivan, Pf; Smoller, Jw; Holmans, Pa; Breen, G.
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