A framework for preventing and managing risks in confined spaces through IOT technologies

Confined space work is a high-risk activity, posing a significant hazard for both workers and rescuers involved in the emergency response. Risks due to working in confined spaces can be extremely dangerous. The leading cause of accidents and fatalities in confined spaces is atmospheric condition. Further common causes are fire, explosion, ignition of flammable contaminants, spontaneous combustion and contact with temperature extremes. Recent pilot projects have been developed focusing on the application of Internet of Things (IOT) technologies for confined space work. The aim of the paper is to propose a reference framework for analyzing risks and work procedures in confined spaces. After a first legislative overview and a literature review on the topic, the authors conceptualize a procedure for analyzing the dangerous scenario in confined spaces and for defining the impact of IOT technologies for preventing and managing confined spaces risks. The framework supports both safety managers and risk analysts in reducing hazards in confined spaces.